3.1: Articles of Confederation & the U.S. Constitution  Follow along in the student packet: “Content students MUST KNOW to be successful on the GHSGT” (pg )

The United States, 1783 America’s 1 st national gov’t was the Articles of Confederation ( ) The Articles established a weak national gov’t in order to protect state power

The Successes of the Articles The Articles established a good system of settling western lands The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed for local gov’t, statehood, & outlawed slavery in the NW The Land Ordinance of 1785 established an orderly process for laying out western townships

One positive about the Articles was that it established an effective plan for resolving conflicts associated with the settlement of ___________ lands. Western

Constitutional Reform  By 1787, the fatal flaws of the Articles of Confed were exposed:  Shays’ Rebellion  Shays’ Rebellion broke out among desperate MA farmers who faced losing their farms or being sent to debtor’s prison  Congress called for a meeting in Philadelphia to discuss revising the Articles & improve the nationa1 gov’t urgency Shays’ Rebellion gave nationalists like Washington, Madison, Hamilton the urgency to call for a stronger national gov’t

The Constitutional Convention

James Madison helped broker many of the compromises that made the Constitution possible & is referred to as the “father of the Constitution” A constitutional convention was held in Philadelphia to fix the Articles of Confederation, but a new gov’t was created instead

The Great Compromise

The Constitution

Foundational Principles of the Constitution  Key principles of American gov’t:  Rule of Law  Federalism  Popular Sovereignty  Separation of Powers  Checks and Balances Written law restricts the government’s power Balance of local, state, & national government Power is in the hands of the people (voting) Prevents the concentration & abuse of power by creating 3 equal branches of gov’t Allows each branch of gov’t power over the other 2 branches

Key Ideas of the Constitution

The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution (not the states) as the "the supreme law of the land" Federalism—state gov’ts & the national gov’t both have power Popular Sovereignty: the people hold power Rule of Law

Federalist vs. Antifederalist Federalist Favored a strong _________ government _____ interpretation of the Constitution that gave the national government enough power to do the will of the people George Washington, John _________, Alexander Hamilton Antifederalist Favored weak national government and strong ________ governments _______ interpretation of the Constitution Demanded a bill of _________ be added to the Constitution Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Thomas _____ National Loose Adams state Strict rights Paine To win ratification, the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights to protect citizens’ liberty; all 13 states agreed to ratify the Constitution

Know Your (Bill of) Rights! 1RunReligious and Political Freedom 2ZooRight to Bear Arms 3TreeQuartering Troops 4DoorSearch and Seizure 5HiveRights of Accused People 6SickRight to a Speedy, Public Trial 7HeavenTrial by Jury in Civil Cases 8GateLimits of Fines and Punishments 9DineRights of People 10HenPowers of States and People (1)Freedom of Speech, (2) the Press, and (3) Religion; (4) Right to peaceably assemble and (5) to petition government. Speech Press Religion Assemble You can petition the government

How many amendments are included in the Bill of Rights? Speed!

4 th Amendment Speed! 1.Rights of Accused People 2.Right to a Speedy, Public Trial 3.Search and Seizure 4.Limits of Fines and Punishments

8 th Amendment Speed! 1.Religious and political freedom 2.Right to bear arms 3.Quartering Troops 4.Limits of Fines and Punishments

2 nd Amendment Caution: NEVER confuse this with the right to arm bears. Speed! 1.Religious and Political Freedom 2.Right to Bear Arms 3.Quartering Troops 4.Rights of Accused people

6 th Amendment Speed! 1.Rights of Accused People 2.Right to a Speedy, Public Trial 3.Trial by Jury in Civil Cases 4.Limits of Fines and Punishments

1st Amendment Speed! 1.Religious and Political Freedom 2.Right to Bear Arms 3.Quartering Troops 4.Search and Seizure

All of the following are covered under the 1 st Amendment EXCEPT Speed! 1.Freedom of Speech 2.Freedom of Religion 3.Right to Bear Arms 4.Right to Peaceably Assemble

5 th Amendment Speed! 1.Rights of Accused People 2.Right to a Speedy, Public Trial 3.Search and Seizure 4.Limits of Fines and Punishments

3rd Amendment Speed! 1.Religious and Political Freedom 2.Right to Bear Arms 3.Quartering Troops 4.Search and Seizure

7 th Amendment Speed! 1.Rights of Accused People 2.Right to a Speedy, Public Trial 3.Trial by Jury in Civil Cases 4.Limits of Fines and Punishments

The due process clause in the 5 th Amendment and the right to an attorney in the 6 th were designed to Provide for judicial review of laws 2.Protect freedom of expression 3.Ensure fair treatment for those accused of crimes 4.Assure that laws are properly enacted

Who were the two groups during the Constitutional convention who were in major conflict over how states should be represented? 1. Democrats vs. Republicans 2. Federalist vs. Anti- Federalists 3. Senators vs. Members of the House 4. Large states vs. small states

To keep any one branch of government from gaining too much power, the Framers built in a system of 1. rejecting a bill. 2. an executive branch. 3. vetoing. 4. checks and balances Speed!

The Great Compromise was an agreement about how to 1. ratify the Constitution. 2. count slaves in determining population. 3. determine a state's representation in Congress. 4. divide powers between the states and central government

A major obstacle to ratification of the Constitution was the belief of some leaders that 1. the constitution did not include the power of the government to tax. 2. the bill of rights offered too many liberties. 3. state governments were given too many powers. 4. a bill of rights should be added before ratification

A Federalist interpretation of the Constitution resulted in a national government that was 1. strong enough to do the will of the people. 2. weak and lacking in prestige. 3. based on separation of powers. 4. unable to protect itself from British invasion

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to 1. protect personal liberties. 2. make the Constitution flexible. 3. make all citizens equal under the law. 4. limit the power of the judicial branch