Essential Question: – What were the important themes of the Cold War from 1945 to 1991?

Unit 13 Review: Cold War ■ Groups compete against each other: – Teams will be presented a prompt & asked to provide as many correct answers as possible within 1 minute – Groups earn 1 point per correct answer – If any part of the response is incorrect, teams receive no points for that round

Questions 1.Name 3 ideologies (beliefs) of the United States during the Cold War 2.Name 3 ideologies of the Soviet Union 3.Name 3 leaders of the Soviet Union during the Cold War years ( ) 4.Name 3 leaders of the United States during the Cold War years 5.When the Cold War began, the United States wanted to…

Answers 1.Democracy, Capitalism, Freedom, Individualism 2.Totalitarianism, Socialism, Equality, Collectivism 3.Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev 4.Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Nixon, Reagan* *(There are more, but these are the ones we discussed in class) 5. …stop the spread of communism (containment policy)

Questions 1.What was the program that the USA created in 1947 that offered military & economic aid to nations threatened by communism? 2.What was the program that the USA created in 1947 that $13 billion to help Europe recover from World War II? 3.What was the military alliance formed by the USA and democracies in W. Europe? 4.How did the USA respond to the Berlin Blockade in 1948?

Answers 1.Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Brought supplies to West Berlin using airplanes (Berlin Airlift, 1948)

Questions 1.What did Stalin agreed to at the Yalta Conference during WWII, that he failed to do when the Cold War began? 2.What were the Eastern European communist nations called that Stalin created as a “buffer zone”? 3.What is the name of the imaginary line that divided communist & democratic nations in Europe? 4.Why was the Cold War a “cold” fight between the USA & USSR and not “hot”?

Answers 1.Self-determination (free elections) in Europe 2.Soviet satellites 3.Iron Curtain 4.The USA and USSR never actually fought each other; It was a war of ideas

Questions 1.What is the difference between Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek? 2.Why was Mao so popular among peasants? (What did he promise?) 3.What was Mao’s “Great Leap Forward”? 4.What program did Mao create after the failure of the Great Leap Forward that re-educated people to strict communist ideas & attacked old Chinese ideas 5.What was the domino theory?

Answers 1.Mao was communist; Chiang was the democratic leader of China; Mao beat Chiang in the Chinese Civil War 2.Mao offered equality & land to peasants 3.Program of collective farms & factories to produce industry & agriculture 4.Cultural Revolution 5.The fear by the USA that when one country fell to communism, its neighbors would fall to communism too

Questions 1.What happened in 1950 that caused the USA to send troops to Korea? 2.Why could the United States consider the Korean War to be a success? 3.What was a “non-aligned nation” during the Cold War? 4.Who was Ho Chi Minh? 5.What was the outcome of the Vietnam War from 1965 to 1973?

Answers 1.Communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea; The USA worried about the spread of communism 2.The USA stopped the spread of communism into South Korea 3.A neutral nation that did not become allied with either the USA or USSR 4.The communist leader of Vietnam who led the independence movement from France 5.The USA was unable to win the 9-year war & removed troops; South Vietnam fell to communists & unified with North Vietnam

Questions Cause-Effect Relationships 1.___  USA developed a hydrogen bomb 2.___  USA re-focused on math/science 3.___  USA tried the Bay of Pigs invasion 4.USA discovered ICBMS in Cuba  ____ 5.Nixon begins détente with USSR  ____

Vocabulary Terms 1.USSR tested an atomic bomb  USA developed a hydrogen bomb 2.USSR launched sputnik  USA re-focused on math/science 3.Castro came to power in Cuba  USA tried the Bay of Pigs invasion 4.USA discovered ICBMS in Cuba  US began blockade of Cuba; Cuban missile crisis; USA removed ICBMs in Europe 5.Nixon begins détente with USSR  USA & USSR signed the SALT treaty

Questions 1.USA willingness to use ICBMs & policy of threatening to use nuclear 2.USA threat that if nuclear weapons were used, we would hit all major Soviet cities & military targets 3.Belief that if the USA or USSR launched nuclear missiles, the other side would launch their missiles too; Everyone dies 4.Name the 2 spy agencies created by the USA and USSR during the Cold War

Vocabulary Terms 1.Brinkmanship 2.Massive retaliation 3.Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 4.CIA and KGB

Questions 1.What was Khrushchev’s “de-Stalination” ? 2.Why did Khrushchev order the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961? 3.Why did Khrushchev send Soviet ICBMs to Cuba in 1962? 4.Name 3 Cold War events that the Soviet Union “won” 5.Name 3 Cold War events that the USA won

Answers 1.Plan to end the harshness of Stalin; Eased censorship & freed some political prisoners 2.He was angered that communists in East Germany/East Berlin were moving to West Berlin; JFK threatened to defend W. Berlin 3.The USA tried to overthrow Castro in 1961; ICBMs in Cuba might get the U.S. to remove their missiles in Europe 4.Satellites in Eastern Europe; Creation of ICBMs; Spread of communism into China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba; Sputnik; Berlin Wall; Invasion of Afghanistan 5.Containment; Truman Doctrine; Marshall Plan; NATO; Berlin Airlift; Korean War; Moon landing; Cuban Missile Crisis; SALT; Star Wars/SDI; Fall of Berlin Wall; Free election in E. Europe; Fall of USSR

Questions 1.What is détente? 2.What event during the Nixon presidency pressured the Soviet Union to negotiate with the USA? 3.What event by the USSR in 1979 ended détente? 4.Name 2 ways Ronald Reagan helped win the Cold War against the Soviet Union

Answers 1.Easing of tensions between the USA & USSR (to “chill out” …get it? Cold War!!) 2.Nixon visited & recognized communist China 3.Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 4.Reagan called the USSR an “evil empire,” created SDI (“Star Wars”), spent $2 trillion on the military, ordered Gorbachev to “tear down that wall,” negotiated arms reduction

Questions 1.Name 2 USSR weaknesses by the 1980s 2.What was Gorbachev’s glasnost policy? 3.What was Gorbachev’s perestroika policy? 4.Name 2 ways Gorbachev tried to save money for the USSR in the 1980s 5.What event signaled the Cold War’s end?

Answers 1.Low production; No incentives for hard work; Expensive war in Afghanistan; Too much money spent on military; Having to compete with SDI 2.Policy of “openness” that allowed free speech, criticism, & reform in the USSR 3.Policy that relaxed strict gov’t controls over factories & collective farms; Allowed people to open small businesses 4.Did not compete with SDI; removed army from E. Europe; Ended Afghan War; Perestroika; End of medium-range ICBMs 5.Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989