 What is a Cold War?  A war where two enemies don’t actually fight  Who is involved?  U.S. & U.S.S.R (Soviet Union)  When?   Where?  Around the world – Germany, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba…  Why are we fighting?  U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism  How is the war fought?  Arms race – both sides build up their nuclear weapons  Back and forth threats

Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin How Does It Begin?

 Germany divided into 4 zones run by Allies  United Nations formed (50 nations)  Declaration of Liberated Europe 1. People of Europe can create their own government as long as it is not Nazi or fascist 2. U.S., Great Britain, & Russia will:  Establish peace in their countries  Provide aid to people who need it  Form temporary governments that represent democratic society & free elections

 Truman wanted a united Germany  Soviet Union felt threatened by united Germany  Berlin caught in the middle of the unification  Stalin sent troops to block all traffic/supplies to Berlin from the rest of Germany  Berlin airlift – 10 months to prevent war  Stalin stopped in May 1949 but Germany divided  East Germany – Communist  West Germany – allied to U.S.

 What was the term used to stop the spread of communism? - Containment  How did the U.S. help stop the spread of communism? - Truman Doctrine - Provide aid (money) to threatened countries (nonmilitary) - Marshall Plan – U.S. gave $13 billion to help into Western Europe

 UN – United Nations, June 1945, 50 countries joined to settle international disputes & prevent future wars  NATO – European countries agreed to help if attacked by the Soviets  Warsaw Pact – 1955 – Soviets allied with Eastern European countries  NSC – 1950 – U.S. releases report vowing to stop spread of communism  1949 – Mao Zedong – China becomes communist

The Cold War:

The Cold War:

 North Korea remains communist & South Korea democratic  Demilitarized Zone – U.S. troops help protect

 1956 – Egypt seizes Suez Canal & Europeans invade eventually U.S. & Soviets got them to pull out  Nov – Hungarian students rebel against communist government & Soviet military crushes revolt; Eisenhower condemns actions, but doesn’t intervene  Geneva Summit – NATO leaders & Soviets agree to coexist – compete but NO war

 Kennedy creates Peace Corps to provide economic relief to counteract appeal of communism  1959 – Fidel Castro takes over Cuba and aligns with Soviets  April 1961 – Bay of Pigs – U.S. failed to spark uprising in Cuba  Aug – Berlin Wall built

 Oct – Cuban Missile Crisis  Spy planes saw Soviets building launch pad in Cuba  Kennedy sets up blockade  Threatens – if ship tries to break blockade he’d use nuclear weapons  5 days later Soviets agreed to leave Cuba & U.S. would not invade

 Ho Chi Minh (communist) – defeated Japanese during WWII & afterwards French colonist  Geneva Accords – temporarily divide Vietnam into North & South and then unify after 1956 elections  1955 – American supported Ngo Dinh Diem refused elections & cracked down on communism  1959 – Communists set up the National Liberation Front (Vietcong) to begin war against Diem  Eisenhower sent money, Kennedy sent Special Forces  Gulf of Tonkin – Pres. Johnson sends troops in after alleged attack on U.S. ship  After years of fighting, large opposition to U.S. involvement in war  Years of fighting – April 1975 – South Vietnam surrenders to North

 Dec – Soviets invade Afghanistan, Pres. Carter orders sanctions

 Arms Race  Duck & Cover and Fallout Shelters  Red Scare  McCarthyism – accusations without proof  HUAC  Rosenbergs, Alger Hiss, Hollywood Ten  Blacklists  Space Race – Oct Soviet Sputnik launched causes NASA program

 Kennedy & Khrushchev agree to hot line between Moscow & Washington  Treaty banning nuclear tests aboveground and underwater  1971 – Nixon’s “Ping-Pong Diplomacy” – secret talks between U.S. & China forging closer ties  1972 – Nixon’s Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) – restricted the number of certain types of nuclear missiles built by U.S. & Soviets  1987 – Reagan & Gorbachev sign Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) – reduce number of nuclear weapons in arsenals

 Eisenhower – Brinkmanship – “Domino Theory”  Kennedy – continues arms race, flexible response – used specially trained military groups to fight guerilla wars in nations fighting communism  Johnson – Vietnam War – stop spread of communism  Nixon –  Vietnamization – plan for South to take more active role & U.S. start to remove troops, but continued to bomb Cambodia and Laos  Détente – attempt to relax international tensions, needed a balance of power to make peace with Soviets  Ford – Continues detente  Carter – Human Rights activist – Cuba, Latin America, South Africa  Reagan – Rejected containment & détente  Military build up – “Star Wars” antimissile defense system

 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev commits to reforming Soviet government  1990 – Bush & Gorbachev sign Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) – destroy existing nuclear weapons  Throughout Eastern Europe communist governments fell  Nov. 9, 1989 – Berlin Wall comes down & Germany is united  Dec. 25, 1991 – Yelstin outlawed Communist Party in Russia & Gorbachev announces end of Soviet Union

1. In the United States businesses are owned by _____________ citizens. 2. In the Soviet Union the ___________ owns the businesses. 3. There is only __ political party in the Soviet Union, it is the ________ party. 4. Americans have __ major political parties, the Democrats and the _________. 5. In America you can read about anything you want to because America has a _______ press. 6. The Russians live under a political and economic system called________________. 7. The Americans live under an economic system called__________. 8. Americans like to think of their country as being a ___________ because the majority rules in most cases. 9. Citizens in the Soviet Union are given their jobs by the _____________. 10. In the Soviet Union all the factories and companies are owned by the _____________.

 Free Elections  Communist  Everybody helps everyone else  Capitalist  No Elections – Or Fixed  Survival of the Fittest  Freedom of the Media  Democratic  Total Censorship  Dictatorship