Do Now (silent and independent) 1. Pick up a blue sheet from the front of the classroom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. Fold it hotdog style 3. Write you name on one side BIG AND BOLD H I N T O N √ Hinton X H I N T O N √ 4. On the back of that write your reason for taking this class (ex. “for the credit” “it relates to my career”) in a complete sentence. 5. On the inside write an interesting fact about you (complete sentence). Once you finish pull out your composition notebook

Composition Notebook Setup 1.IT HAS TO BE A COMPOSITION NOTEBOOK! (nothing else will be excepted) 2.If you wrote in your book already, IT IS OK 3.The first 3 blank pages of your book needs to be the table of contents Table Of Contents Page # Title Date 1Table of Contents 4Objectives 8Do Now 22Unit 1 8/28 185Exit Ticket

Date each objective, do now, and exit ticket on the page that you are writing them on (not in the table of contents) Number each page on the bottom outer corner OBJECTIVESDo Now 8/27 8/29 8/27 SWBAT explain /28 SWBAT …….2. 8/ Pg.4 Pg.15 Fill up the page before you go to the next page

“You can observe a lot by just watching.” -Yogi Berra Objectives: SWBAT primary and secondary crime scene and evidence SWBAT construct a diagram and reconstruct a crime scene

What is evidence? Something that tends to disprove or establish a fact. Includes Documents Testimony Objects

/files/2011/02/FSci-Ch-02.pdf

Two types of Evidence Testimonial Evidence Statement made under oath What is said in court by a competent witness Also called direct evidence Physical Evidence Tangible items that tend to prove some material fact real evidence

Testimonial evidence Eye witness accounts provide important evidence Eye witnesses Heavily influence juries But are they accurate? New information affects eye witness accounts Mug shots Leading/Suggestive questions Memory errors Time between the crime and questioning of witness can affect what they remember Perception errors Too dark Encounter too brief Presence of weapon diverted witnesses attention

The Innocence Project National organization dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA evidence Eye witness misidentification is the number one cause of wrongfully convictions nationwide As of 2008, the Innocence Project exonerated 212 wrongfully convicted poeple

Common Types of Physical Evidence Drug and toxic substance Resins, plasticsFingerprints PaintsExplosive residuesHair Gun shot residues (GSR)Serial numbersTissues Firearms and ammunition DocumentsPollen ImpressionsFibersWood material Petroleum productsSoilFeathers Alcohols (esp. ethanol)GlassBones Rubber materialBlood and other body fluids Tool marks

"Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves even unconsciously, will serve as silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool marks he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects -- all of these and more bear mute witness against him." —Dr. Edmond Locard

Physical Evidence Tangible items that tend to prove or disprove a fact “Real Evidence” Physical evidence refers to any material items that would be present at the crime scene, on the victims, or found in a suspect’s possession. Type of evidence forensic scientists are most interested in Forensic scientists will… Observe physical evidence Determine identity Determine origin

Physical evidence… Can be any material or object Take any form Large as a building Fleeting as an odor Small as a hair Microscopic as DNA Much more reliable than testimonial evidence

Types of Physical Evidence Trace Evidence Transient evidence Conditional Evidence Indirect Evidence Circumstantial Evidence Individual evidence Class evidence

Trace Evidence Trace evidence refers to physical evidence that is found in small but measurable amounts, such as strands of hair, fibers, or skin cells.

Not all evidence is permanent… Transient evidence Temporary evidence Can be easily changed or lost Usually observed by first officer on scene and must be recorded at that time Examples? Odors Perfume, cigarette smoke, gas Temperature Coffee pot, car hood, water in bath tub, dead body Imprints Footprints in sand, fingerprints in dust, teeth marks in perishable food

Conditional Evidence Produced by a specific action or event at the scene Must be observed and recorded Examples Lights Garage door Doors Windows Position of body Position of furniture

Indirect Evidence Evidence that does not prove or disprove a fact in question Evidence providing only a basis for inference about a disputed fact May prove something like the possession of controlled substances or driving under the influence

Circumstantial Evidence Evidence based on suggestion rather than personal knowledge Implies a fact or event without actually proving it The more circumstantial evidence there is, the greater it weighs Probability and statistics important Examples Blonde hair found in hand of murder victim with black hair Size 10 sneaker print near the body

Significance of Physical Evidence Individual Evidence Class Evidence Material that can be related to a single source Narrows an identity to a single person or thing Examples DNA Fingerprints Handwriting Some physical evidence Piece of glass that fits another piece like a jigsaw puzzle Material that can be associated with a group of items that share properties or characteristics Object is similar to group of similar objects but not one single object Narrows an identity to group of persons or things Examples Blue jeans We can use some individualization such as length, style, brand, shade, surface treatment but there are still thousands of jeans like that

1. Direct or circumstantial evidence? 2. Physical or biological evidence? 3. Class or individual evidence?

Value of Physical Evidence Can prove crime has been committed Gasoline at a scene of a fire Back up witness testimony or disprove it Test blood stains of suspects Link suspect with victim or crime scene Broken glass of headlight in cuff of suspects pants at scene of hit and run Determine identity of people associated with crime Fingerprints, DNA Allow investigators to reconstruct a crime Blood spatter patterns

Sketching the Scene it_2_CSI_&_Evidence/Notes_Unit_2- CSI_&_%20Physical_Evidence.pdf

Exit Ticket For each picture, tell me if its a. circumstantial or direct evidence b. Physical or biological evidence c. Class or individual evidence