What is structure B? Periderm Secondary Xylem Secondary Phloem Osmosis Question Periderm Secondary Xylem Secondary Phloem Procambium Vascular Cambium

Yea! B = Vascular Cambium is defined as the lateral meristem that gives rise to the secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (bark). A = Secondary xylem C = Secondary phloem D = Periderm (Cork and Cork Cambium) Next

What is structure D? Root Cap Root Hair Apical Meristem Zone of Maturation Zone of Elongation

Woot! Woot! – Area D is the Apical Meristem which is defined as the area at either the tip of a stem or root where cell division takes place. It is also known as the “Zone of Cell Division”. A = Root Hair B = Zone of Maturation C = Zone of Elongation E = Root Cap Next

A B C Click on the part of the flower that is considered the “Style”

Filament Style NICE JOB! You know your flower parts. Remember the style is a part of the Pistil (the female structure). The Pistil is made up of the ovary, style, and stigma. The filament is a part of the Stamen (the male structure). The Stamen is made up of the anther and filament. Next

This represents: Gravitropism Thigmotropism Photoperiodism Phototropism

Phototropism This represents: Next Phototropism is a plant’s response to light. Gravitropism is a plant’s response to gravity. Thigmotropism is a plant’s response to touch. (Venus Fly Trap) Photoperiodism is a plant’s response to the length of daylight.

The following picture shows some plant cells. As you can see, the cytoplasms of these cells are connected. What are these connections called? Lignin Apoplast Paths Plasmodesmata Tonoplasts

The following picture shows some plant cells. Yep – Plasmodesmata! These are junctions between plants cells that connect the cytoplasms of the two cells. Next

Which pathway does the RED line represent? Symplast Pathway Apoplast Pathway

Yes, the Red Line is the Apoplast Pathway which is when water travels between cells (between cell walls and extracellular spaces). Give special notice to the Casparian strip in this diagram. Do you know its function? Next

The Casparian Strip is a waterproof strip in the endodermis that forces water to travel through the symplast pathway. This prevents water loss from the stele. Image the tragedy that would happen if water could just travel in between all the cells and leak out! Next

Monocot Dicot OR

Right. Monocots have vascular bundles that are scattered Right! Monocots have vascular bundles that are scattered. Dicots have vascular bundles in a ring. Monocot Dicot OR

Right. Dicots have netted or fan shaped veins in their leaves Right! Dicots have netted or fan shaped veins in their leaves. Monocots have parallel veins. Monocot Dicot OR

CORRECT. Monocots tend to have petals in multiples of 3 CORRECT! Monocots tend to have petals in multiples of 3. Dicots tend to have flowers that have petals in multiples of 4 or 5.. Next

What type of root is this? Adventitious Tap Fibrous

Yep. This is a taproot. A diagram below shows the difference between a taproot and fibrous root system. Next

Which of the xylem cells below would most likely belong to an angiosperm?

YES. The one on the right is a vessel element YES! The one on the right is a vessel element. These wider xylem cells in angiosperms (flowerling plants) are more efficient at transporting water. Vessel Element (angiosperms) Tracheid (gymnosperms) Next

Click on the Diagram (either A or B) where you would expect more transpiration to be occurring.

Yes, in Diagram A, the stoma is open which means that water might be evaporating out the leaf. Notice that the stoma is open because the guard cells are filled with water and have bulged out. Remember, transpiration pull is the evaporation of water from the leaf that provides force to raise water from the roots. Next B A

For the seed below, click on the letter that represents the endosperm.

Nice job! Next Cotyledon = Seed leaf of the plant embryo Seed Coat = Protection for seed, prevents dehydration. Endosperm = Tissue that helps provide energy/food for embryo. It is formed by a second sperm that is released by the pollen tube which then fertilizes two nuclei in the ovule. The endosperm tissue is TRIPLOID. Next

Tracheophyte Non-Tracheophyte OR

Correct. This is a fern, which is considered a tracheophyte Correct! This is a fern, which is considered a tracheophyte. Other types of tracheophytes include gymnosperms and angiosperms. FERN ANGIOSPERM GYMNOSPERM Remember, tracheophytes are vascular plants. They have xylem and phloem to transport substances. Next

Click on the cells that make up the PALISADE MESOPHYLL.

Yep. Remember the palisade mesophyll cells contribute most to the photosynthetic activity of the leaf. They contain many chloroplasts and are normally found on the top side of a leaf. Now, click on the cells that make up the spongy mesophyll.

Yep. Remember the spongy mesophyll cells form air spaces to allow gas exchange to occur. Click “NEXT” to see the rest of the parts of the leaf. Next

Notice the cuticle is the waxy outcovering of the leaf that protects against water loss. containing Next

Click on the SPOROPHYTE generation.

Yes. The sporophyte generation is the diploid gerneation that gives rise to haploid spores. The lower half is showing the gametophyte generation. Next

Click on the green square that represents MEIOSIS.

Yes – spores are made through the process of meiosis. Next

The diagram below shows one part of angiosperm reproduction The diagram below shows one part of angiosperm reproduction. Click on the POLLEN TUBE.

Cotyledon Microspore Micropyle Petiole Yes, the pollen grain grows into a pollen tube. This pollen tube grows down the female style and into the ovule. Once it reaches the ovule, it releases two sperm. Do you know why two sperm are released? HINT – think back to the question about the endosperm. What is the structure called with the red arrow? Cotyledon Microspore Micropyle Petiole

Yes, the arrow is pointing to micropyle Yes, the arrow is pointing to micropyle. This is the opening in the ovule through which the pollen tube grows to reach the female gametophyte. Micropyle Next

Click on the cell that would be considered a “Companion Cell”.

Yes, the companion cell is the one with nucleus that helps to support the sieve tube element. Do you remember the function of the sieve tube element? Next

Sieve tube elements are the main cells of the phloem Sieve tube elements are the main cells of the phloem. They are living cells that contain cytoplasm, but very few organelles. They transport sugars throughout the plant. They are supported by companion cells. Next

The following cells are dead at maturity The following cells are dead at maturity. They have secondary cell walls for added thickness. What type of cells are they? Sclerenchyma Collenchyma Parenchyma

Yes, Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells that support the plant Yes, Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells that support the plant. They have secondary cell walls for added thickness. Sclerenchyma Next

A B C Which letter refers to the “Ground Tissue”?

A B Yep. Which letter refers to the “Vascular Tissue”?

A Yep. Do you know what “A” refers to? Next

Next

Some other terms not directly tested in this tutorial include: Tonoplast Petiole Cortex Stele Bundle Sheath Cell Lignin Leucoplast Procambium Primary Meristem Lateral Meristem Suberin Next

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