Plant Structures Plant Science

Major Plant Parts roots stems leaves buds flowers www.OneLessThing.net

Functions of Roots anchor the plant absorb water and minerals store manufactured food www.OneLessThing.net

Parts of the Root primary root: the single main root secondary roots: small branches that form off the main root root hairs: tiny roots that increase the absorption surface area root cap: protects the growing tip of roots www.OneLessThing.net

Root System Types adventitous roots: grow from the stem or leaf of a plant (ex. corn stalks have prop roots) tap root system: root system with one thick main root (examples: pine trees, carrots, dandilions) fibrous root system: root system with many small main roots (examples: grasses, soybeans, impatiens) www.OneLessThing.net

Functions of Stems support the leaves, flowers, and fruit conduct water, minerals, and food store food and water produce new stem tissues www.OneLessThing.net

Parts of the Stem 2 types of conductive tissues xylem: transports water and minerals from the roots phloem: transports food from the leaves cambium: the layer of dividing cells that creates the xylem and phloem becomes growth rings in trees www.OneLessThing.net

Vascular Bundles made up of the xylem and pholem in monocots, they are scattered in dicots, they are in a circle (or a ring) www.OneLessThing.net

Buds contain undeveloped plant structures bud scales: protect and cover the bud terminal bud: a large bud at the tip of a stem lateral buds: grow along the side of stems apical meristem: primary growing point of the stem www.OneLessThing.net

Leaves produce food for the plant through photosyntheis epidermis: a protective layer of cells on the leaf cuticle: a waxy coating that prevents water loss stomata: pore-like openings on the underside of the leaf that allow gas exchange guard cells: control the opening and closing of the stomata veins: carry nutrients and products of photosynthesis (contain the xylem and phloem) www.OneLessThing.net

Mesophyll layer of the leaf where photosynthesis takes place made up of two layers: palisade layer spongy layer www.OneLessThing.net

Function of Flowers reproduction (to produce seeds) sepals: protect the unopened flower calyx: the collection of sepals petals: attract pollinators (insects and birds) www.OneLessThing.net

Male Part of the Flower as a whole, known as the stamen made up of two structures: filament: supports the anther anther: produces pollen pollen: contains the male sex cells pollination has to occur for seeds to develop www.OneLessThing.net

Female Part of the Flower as a whole, known as the pistil made up of three parts: stigma: sticky surface for pollen to land on style: supports the stigma ovary: contains the female sex cells fruit: contains the seeds; develops from the ovary www.OneLessThing.net

Types of Flowers complete flowers: have sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil incomplete flowers: are lacking one of the four main parts www.OneLessThing.net

Monoecious vs. Dioecious monoecious plants: have male and female flowers on the same plant dioecious plants: have male and female flowers on separate plants imperfect flowers: do not have male and female parts on the same flower www.OneLessThing.net

Thank you for learning with us! www.OneLessThing.net