Who is the Father of Genetics?

Mendel

a type of gene that is hidden by a dominant gene

Recessive

used to show the possible gene combinations in a cross between two organisms

Punnett Square

Punnet Squares What tools can we use to predict each generation? Simplest tool is a Punnet Square Aa A a

Aa A a AA Aa aa Parents

a gene responsible for determining traits in an organism

Allele

chromosomes that do not determine the sex of a person

Autosome

HH

Homozygous Dominant

pattern where the phenotypes of both homozygous parents are present in heterozygous offspring; both alleles are equally expressed

Codominant Alleles

the stronger trait in a gene pair

Dominant

union of a sperm and egg

Fertilization

the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms

Genetics

an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations

Genotype

an organism that has two different alleles for a single trait, for example (Hh)

Heterozygous

two of the same alleles for a trait, for example (HH)

Homozygous

an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait

Hybrid

a genetic pattern in which neither of the two forms of a trait completely masks the other

Incomplete Dominance

any chromosome other than a sex chromosome

Autosome

a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

Karyotype

having more than two alleles that control a trait

Multiple Alleles

a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

Pedigree

what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype

Phenotype

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant

Pollination

hh

Homozygous Recessive

occurs when groups of gene pairs act together to produce a specific trait

Polygenic Inheritance

a trait that will be masked by more dominant trait

Recessive

a trait that will be masked by more dominant trait

What part of the flower does the pollen land on?

Fig Anther Stigma Fig Anther Stigma

What is the function of the Anther?

To make pollen

Black (BB) Crossed with Brown (bb)

Fig Gametes All Bb All offspring are black and heterozygous (a) (b) If heterozygous Black (Bb) Homozygous Brown (bb) If homozygous Black (BB) Homozygous Brown (bb)

X and Y chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Sex Chromosome

What are the female Sex Chromosomes

XX

What are the male Sex Chromosomes

XY

characteristics that are inherited, such as your eye color

Traits

heterozygous offspring show a phenotype that is in between the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents

Incomplete Dominance

Hh

Heterozygous (Also called)

Hybrid

Punnett Square

b B B b

b B B b Bb

How many traits are in a di-hybrid cross

two

cross a red (RR) and a white (WW) flower

W R R W

W R R W RW

What type of cross Created pink flowers?

Incomplete Dominance

Cross two pink flowers

R R W W RRRW WW

What is the Phenotype ratio?

1 red:2pink:1white

Cross to checked chickens (BW)

B B W W BBBW WW

What is the Genotype ratio?

1BB:2BW:1WW

What type of cross produces checkered chickens

Co-Dominance

Blood type is What type of inheritance ?

Multiple Alleles

How many Alleles are there for blood type?

There are 3 A, B, and O

What blood types are possible

A, B, AB and O

What blood type is recessive

Type O

Cross type O With type AB

B AO BO

Probability is The chance that an event will occur