Science, Environmental Science & the Scientific Method

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Presentation transcript:

Science, Environmental Science & the Scientific Method What is science? What is Environmental Science? What is the Scientific Method?

What is Science? Knowledge Verified human experience A way to explore our environment Self-testing Seeks facts or demonstrates relationships Includes fields of physical, chemical, biological & environmental sciences

Facts Raw material of science Avoids myths & bias Is less subjective than nonscience fields

Scientists What does a scientist do? Asks questions & identifies a problem to be investigated Collects data or facts by making observations & measurements Confirms resulting data or facts with other scientists Tries to come up with a variety of possible or tentative explanations of what they observe

Environmental Science What is Environmental Science? New branch of science which includes Conservation Biology, Environmental Biology, Restoration Ecology, Ecosystem Management & Sustainable Studies Study of how humans & other species interact with each other & the nonliving (abiotic) environment Utilizes problem-solving methodology to address environmental issues Consensus-based conservation including all other stakeholders Part science/part consensus-based decision-making

Environmental Scientist What does an Environmental Scientist do? Uses information from the sciences & social sciences to: Understand how the Earth works Learn how humans interact with the Earth Develop solutions to environmental problems

Scientific Method Process used by scientists A most powerful tool Systematic search for knowledge Uses observation & experimentation No conclusion is absolutely true & are always subject to change!

5 Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Make an observation 2. Make a statement about that observation Hypothesis Inductive reasoning 3. Go from general to specific Using deductive reasoning If. . .then. . .

Put simply, deductive reasoning involves moving from generalities to specifics by working through a series of reasoned statements. Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, takes a series of specific observations and tries to expand them into a more general theory.

5 Steps of the Scientific Method 4. Design an experiment Control group Test group Groups are formed randomly Experiments must be repeatable Stands the test of your peers! 5. Analyze & Communicate the results

5 Steps of the Environmental Method Scientific Assessment Risk Assessment Public Education Political Action Follow-through

Scientific Method In-Class Assignment

Short Writing Assignment Apply the scientific method to “Polar Ice Melting” Money is no object for your experiment! Make your best guess at your results. Grammatically correct sentences

What is your observation?

Observation: Polar Ice Caps are Melting Questioning: Why are the polar ice caps melting? Hypothesis: An educated guess. This should be stated in such a way that you can say YES (support) or NO (refute) to your hypothesis. Experiment: Design your experiment with your limitless budget Results: Since we will not actually be executing your brilliant experiment, discuss the findings you think you would discover. Analyze: Using statistical analysis, you would analyze your data to find trends or correlations among data points. Communicate your findings: How would you share your data and conclusions with the world?