It’s Friday – yay!! Please do the following: pick up the handout from the front table pick up glue and a highlighter have out your notebook

Observe the two types of cells. List 4 – 6 similarities and differences on the left page of your notebook.

Not all cells are created equal… We know the difference between a plant and animal cell, but are all plants and animals exactly the same?

Why Not?

Cell Differentiation What makes us so different, but still the same. m/watch?v=cyaVEotY sY0

How to “mark the text” 1.# the paragraphs 2. Circle vocabulary 3. Highlight definitions 4. Underline facts

What is cell differentiation? cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

Why differentiate cells? Because the various cells of each plant and animals need to perform different functions! –Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals.

How do cells differentiate? Cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. –Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome Different cells use different parts of the genetic information they contain –Example: Muscle cells differ from blood cells because different genes are activated

Some different plant cells Roots, Stems, and leaves need to perform different functions, so the cells will be different.

Leaf cells Leaves main role is performing photosynthesis (absorb nutrients from the air & generate glucose using energy from the sun) protect cells from drying out

Plant Stem Cells Plant Stem cells need to be able to transport water and nutrients to various parts of the plant. These cells form clusters of tubes for transport. –The tubes are known as Xylem and Phloem. –They provide structure for the plant (thick cell walls), just like the skeleton provides structure for animals.

Root cells Root cells need to be able to grow in the search for and absorb water & minerals.

Some different animal cells Blood, muscle, and epithelium need to perform different functions, so the cells will be different.

Muscle cells Muscle cells are designed to contract and relax allowing for movement.

Nerve cells Nerve cells are designed to receive and transmit impulses from one area to another.

Blood Blood is responsible for transporting various materials to and from the cells. It also patrols the body as part of the defense system.

Blood Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen to cells throughout the body. –These cells have NO nucleus.

Blood Platelets are critical for clotting when blood vessels are injured. White blood cells are the bodies defenders against the invaders such as bacteria.

Epithelial cells Epithelial cells make up the tissues covering the body as well as lining the organs and cavities of the body. Acts as a protective barrier!