© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Slavery was a key element of: 1.the first two periods of European contact with the rest of the world 2.the first period of European contact with the rest of the world 3.the first three periods of European contact with the rest of the world 4.all four periods of European contact with the rest of the world Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Slavery was a key element of: 1.the first two periods of European contact with the rest of the world 2.the first period of European contact with the rest of the world 3.the first three periods of European contact with the rest of the world 4.all four periods of European contact with the rest of the world A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Slavery was a key element of: 1.the first two periods of European contact with the rest of the world A fundamental element in the first two periods of European imperial ventures in the Americas was the presence of slavery. By the eighteenth century, the slave population of the New World consisted almost entirely of a black population that had either recently been forcibly imported from Africa or born to slaves whose forebearers had been forcibly imported from Africa. Both the forced migration of so many people from one continent to another and the mid-Atlantic plantation economies that such slave labor supported were unprecedented in history E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Saint Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys were part of the: 1.French overseas empire 2.British overseas empire 3.Dutch overseas empire 4.Spanish overseas empire Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Saint Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys were part of the: 1.French overseas empire 2.British overseas empire 3.Dutch overseas empire 4.Spanish overseas empire A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Saint Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys were part of the: 1.French overseas empire The French domains covered the Saint Lawrence River valley and the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. They included the West Indian islands of Saint Domingue (modern Haiti on the western part of Hispaniola), Guadeloupe, and Martinique, and also stations in India and on the West Coast of Africa E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The heart of eighteenth-century French-British rivalries in the Americas was: 1.Newfoundland 2.the West Indies 3.Quebec 4.the Mississippi River Valley Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The heart of eighteenth-century French-British rivalries in the Americas was: 1.Newfoundland 2.the West Indies 3.Quebec 4.the Mississippi River Valley A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The heart of eighteenth-century French-British rivalries in the Americas was: 2.the West Indies The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in the West Indies. These islands, close to the American continents, were the jewels of the empire. The West Indies raised tobacco, cotton, indigo, coffee, and, above all, sugar, for which there existed huge markets in Europe E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The War of the Spanish Succession placed what family on the Spanish throne? 1.the British Hanoverians 2.the Austrian Habsburgs 3.the Spanish Habsburgs 4.the French Bourbons Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The War of the Spanish Succession placed what family on the Spanish throne? 1.the British Hanoverians 2.the Austrian Habsburgs 3.the Spanish Habsburgs 4.the French Bourbons A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The War of the Spanish Succession placed what family on the Spanish throne? 4.the French Bourbons The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) replaced the Spanish Habsburgs with the Bourbons of France on the Spanish throne E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Inhabitants of the New World who were born in Spain were known as: 1.cajuns 2.creoles 3.peninsulares 4.encomiendas Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Inhabitants of the New World who were born in Spain were known as: 1.cajuns 2.creoles 3.peninsulares 4.encomiendas A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Inhabitants of the New World who were born in Spain were known as: 3.peninsulares The late-eighteenth-century Bourbon reforms stimulated the imperial economy. Trade expanded and became more varied. These reforms, however, also brought the empire more fully under direct Spanish control. Many peninsulares (persons born in Spain) entered the New World to fill new posts, which were often the most profitable jobs in the region E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in: 1.Spanish areas 2.Portuguese areas 3.French areas 4.British areas Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in: 1.Spanish areas 2.Portuguese areas 3.French areas 4.British areas A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in: 2.Portuguese areas The life conditions of plantation slaves differed from colony to colony. Black slaves living in Portuguese areas had the fewest legal protections E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The War of Jenkinss Ear was fought between: 1.Britain and Spain 2.Spain and France 3.Austria and the Netherlands 4.Britain and the Netherlands Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The War of Jenkinss Ear was fought between: 1.Britain and Spain 2.Spain and France 3.Austria and the Netherlands 4.Britain and the Netherlands A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The War of Jenkinss Ear was fought between: 1.Britain and Spain In 1731 there was a fight on an English vessel while the Spanish were looking for contraband. The Spaniards cut off the ear of an English captain named Robert Jenkins. This incident was of little importance until 1738, when Jenkins appeared before the British Parliament, reportedly brandishing his ear as an example of Spanish atrocities to British merchants in the West Indies. The British merchant and West Indian planters lobbied Parliament to relieve Spanish intervention in their trade E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the: 1.War of Jenkinss Ear 2.Seven Years War 3.War of the Austrian Succession 4.War of the Spanish Succession Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the: 1.War of Jenkinss Ear 2.Seven Years War 3.War of the Austrian Succession 4.War of the Spanish Succession A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the: 3.War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession ended in a stalemate in 1748 with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Prussia retained Silesia, and Spain renewed Britains privilege from the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) to import slaves into the Spanish colonies E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Much credit for Britains success in the Seven Years War should be given to: 1.Robert Walpole 2.George III 3.William Pitt the Elder 4.George Grenville Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Much credit for Britains success in the Seven Years War should be given to: 1.Robert Walpole 2.George III 3.William Pitt the Elder 4.George Grenville A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Much credit for Britains success in the Seven Years War should be given to: 3.William Pitt the Elder The architect of Britains victories was William Pitt the Elder (1708–1778), a person of colossal ego and administrative genius. North America was the center of Pitts real concern. Put simply, he wanted all of North America east of the Mississippi for Great Britain, and that was what he won. Pitts colonial vision, however, extended beyond the Saint Lawrence valley and the Great Lakes basin. Never had Great Britain or any other European power experienced such a complete worldwide military victory E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The British drive to increase their revenue from the North American colonies began with the passage of the: 1.Declaratory Act 2.Sugar Act 3.Intolerable Acts 4.Townshend duties Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The British drive to increase their revenue from the North American colonies began with the passage of the: 1.Declaratory Act 2.Sugar Act 3.Intolerable Acts 4.Townshend duties A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The British drive to increase their revenue from the North American colonies began with the passage of the: 2.Sugar Act The British drive for revenue began in 1764 with the passage of the Sugar Act under the ministry of George Grenville (1712–1770). The measure attempted to produce more revenue from imports into the colonies by the rigorous collection of what was actually a lower tax E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Thomas Paine is most famous for having written: 1.The Rights of Free Men 2.A Response to the Intolerable Acts 3.Common Sense 4.An Almanac for Americans Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Thomas Paine is most famous for having written: 1.The Rights of Free Men 2.A Response to the Intolerable Acts 3.Common Sense 4.An Almanac for Americans A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Thomas Paine is most famous for having written: 3.Common Sense During the winter, Thomas Paines (1737–1809) pamphlet Common Sense galvanized public opinion in favor of separation from Great Britain E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The North Briton was published by: 1.William Pitt the Younger 2.John Wilkes 3.Lord Bute 4.All of the above Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The North Briton was published by: 1.William Pitt the Younger 2.John Wilkes 3.Lord Bute 4.All of the above A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: The North Briton was published by: 2.John Wilkes In 1763 began the affair of John Wilkes (1725– 1797). This London political radical and member of Parliament published a newspaper called The North Briton. In issue number 45, Wilkes strongly criticized Lord Butes handling of the peace negotiations with France E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Christopher Wyvil organized the: 1.Campaign for Reform of Parliament 2.New America Movement 3.Yorkshire Association Movement 4.first abolitionist movement Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Christopher Wyvil organized the: 1.Campaign for Reform of Parliament 2.New America Movement 3.Yorkshire Association Movement 4.first abolitionist movement A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Christopher Wyvil organized the: 3.Yorkshire Association Movement In northern England in 1778, Christopher Wyvil (1740–1822), a landowner and retired clergyman, organized the Yorkshire Association Movement. Property owners, or freeholders, of Yorkshire met in a mass meeting to demand moderate changes in the corrupt system of parliamentary elections. They organized corresponding societies elsewhere E

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Mercantilists regarded: 1.bullion as the measure of a nations wealth 2.the volume of trade as the measure of a nations wealth 3.the size of the army as the measure of a nations wealth 4.the amount of land under cultivation as the measure of a nations wealth Q

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Mercantilists regarded: 1.bullion as the measure of a nations wealth 2.the volume of trade as the measure of a nations wealth 3.the size of the army as the measure of a nations wealth 4.the amount of land under cultivation as the measure of a nations wealth A

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. EXPLANATION: Mercantilists regarded: 1.bullion as the measure of a nations wealth Economic writers believed the mercantilism system necessary for a nation to gain a favorable trade balance of gold and silver bullion. They regarded bullion as the measure of a countrys wealth, and a nation was truly wealthy only if it amassed more bullion than its rivals E