Revolutions 3/1/10 OBJECTIVE: Examine “Thunder in the Skies”. I. Administrative Stuff -Attendance -Progress Reports II. CONNECTIONS -notes on episode#6 “Thunder in the Skies” III. Homework due Friday 3/5/10 1.) Read Chapter#20 section#4 p Answer questions (1-7)* p ) Read Chapter#21 section#1 p Answer questions (1-6)* p ) Progress Report#2 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

Chapter Test Friday 3/12/10 Ch#20 sec#4 Ch#21 sec#1 Ch#23 sec#4 Ch#23 sec#5

Revolutions 3/2/10 OBJECTIVE: Examine nationalism in Europe. I. Journal#28pt.A -Examine the map on p.586 -Answer questions (1-3) p.586 -Examine the map on p.594 -Answer questions (1-3) p.594 II. Return of Chapter#19 Test III. Journal#28pt.B -notes on the challenges of nationalism IV. Homework due Friday 3/5/10 1.) Read Chapter#20 section#4 p Answer questions (1-7)* p ) Read Chapter#21 section#1 p Answer questions (1-6)* p ) Progress Report#2 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

Chapter Test Friday 3/12/10 Ch#20 sec#4 Ch#21 sec#1 Ch#23 sec#4 Ch#23 sec#5

Revolts in France 1830 &1848 What were the causes of the revolt in 1830? What were the results of the revolt of 1830? What were the causes of the revolt in 1848? What were the results of the revolt in 1848?

Europe Catches Cold What were the causes of the revolt in Belgium in 1830? What was the result in Belgium 1831? What happened in Poland in 1830? Was it successful why or why not? Who was Metternich? What happened in Italy? What happened in Germany?

The Causes of WWI Nationalism Industrial Revolution This caused European nations to build over seas empires. They carved up most of Asia & Africa using their military & economic power. Failure of the Congress of Vienna (1814) to draw National borders based on National culture.

New Powers in Europe By the 1890’s new industrial & economic powers emerge in Europe. They were the newly united nations of Germany & Italy. Nationalism and colonial rivalries led to increased military spending. Huge navies were built, and in 1914 one bullet led to war.

Alliance System The assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austria- Hungarian empire by a Slavic nationalist led to war. Franz Ferdinand.

Alliances Following the Franco-Prussian War the powers of Europe formed an uneasy peace. Fearing retaliation from France for taking the frontier region them, Germany formed an alliance (Triple Alliance) with Austria-Hungary, & Italy. Opposing this alliance was the Triple Entente, Great Britain, France, & Russia.

Split in World Powers on the eve of WWI Industrial Empires Britain (1700s) U.S.A. (1800s) France (1800s) Germany (1880s) Italy (1880s) Agricultural Empires Russia Ottoman Austria-Hungary

Queen Victoria She was the Queen of England. A common practice among royal families was to have one of you children marry a child of one of your enemies to prevent war. At the beginning of WWI, three of her Grandchildren were the leaders of European nations.

The Grandchildren Tsar Nicholas & King George V commons/thumb/6/6f/200px-KaiserBill2.jpg Kaiser Wilhelm II of Prussia

Revolutions 3/3/10 OBJECTIVE: Examine “The Long Chain”. I. Administrative Stuff -Attendance II. CONNECTIONS -notes on episode#7 “The Long Chain” III. Homework due Friday 3/5/10 1.) Read Chapter#20 section#4 p Answer questions (1-7)* p ) Read Chapter#21 section#1 p Answer questions (1-6)* p ) Progress Report#2 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

Revolutions 3/4/10 OBJECTIVE: Examine nationalism in Europe. I. Journal#29pt.A -Examine the map on p.597 -Answer questions (1-3) p.597 -Examine the map on p.604 -Is Eastern Europe diverse? II. Journal#29pt.B -notes on the challenges of nationalism and World Wars III. Homework due Tomorrow! 1.) Read Chapter#20 section#4 p Answer questions (1-7)* p ) Read Chapter#21 section#1 p Answer questions (1-6)* p ) Progress Report#2 *Pick 4 questions of your choice

Chapter Test Friday 3/12/10 Ch#20 sec#4 Ch#21 sec#1 Ch#23 sec#4 Ch#23 sec#5

The Outbreak of War June 28, Archduke Franz Ferdinand (German Speaking) assassinated by Serbian Nationalist (Slavic Speaker). Austria held Serbia responsible for the assassination. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. July 30th - Russia (Slavic) declared war on Austria- Hungary. August 1 st - Germany declared war on Russia. August 3 rd – Germany declared war on France. Belgium refused to let Germany cross through its territory to attack France, so: August 3 rd – Germany declared war on Neutral Belgium August 4 th – Great Britain Declared war on Germany. October 19th – The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia, France, & Great Britain.

European Alliances WWI

The War to End all Wars The Industrialization Revolution led to the mass production of weapons. The Machine Gun. Chemical Weapons. The only way to get out of the way of the bullets was to dig a hole. Trench War Fare.

The United States In March 1917 the U.S. declares war on Germany The war ends in the 11 th hour on the 11 th day in the 11th month The war killed over 9 million troops & 5 million civilians.

Europe 1922

The Causes of WWII When WWI ended the allies (France & Britain) imposed a harsh peace on the former central powers (Germany, Italy, & Austria Hungary) They blamed Germany & Austria-Hungary for the war and wanted them to pay for it. The harsh peace led to economic crisis in the former central powers that gave rise to radical dictators.

Italy Benito Mussolini Wanted to rebuild the Roman Empire. He started by invading N. Africa & Albania. He was a terrible General and was eventually killed by the Italian people toward the end of WWII.

Germany Adolf Hitler He was born in Austria, but fought for Germany in WWI. He blamed the Jews for Germany’s defeat in WWI and for the economic depression in Germany. He won control of the democratic government & made himself the ruler of the nation. He then rebuilt the German military violating the agreement that ended WWI.

Hitler Expands Hitler ceased control of Austria in 1938 & demanded that Czechoslovakia give him control of the German speaking territory of the Sudetenland. On September 1, 1939, German forces invaded Poland, igniting WWII.

Revolutions 3/5/10 OBJECTIVE: Examine Russian Expansion & Revolutions. I. Journal#30pt.A -Examine the picture on p.603 -Answer the caption question on p.603 II. Journal#30pt.B -notes on Russia during the 1800s III. Homework due Friday 1/11/08 1.) Read Chapter#23 section#4 p Answer questions (1-6)* p ) Read Chapter#23 section#5 p Answer questions (1-7)* p ) Chapter#20,21,23 Review *Pick 4 questions of your choice NOTICE: Chapter#20,21,23 Test Friday 3/12/10 -Test includes Ch#20 sec#4, Ch#21 sec#1, & Ch#23 sec(4-5)

Russian Expansion For years Russian rulers expanded their empires. Ivan IV opened Siberia to traders & explorers which eventually extended the empire to the pacific. Peter the Great won the cold water ports of modern day Estonia & Latvia Catherine the Great won warm water ports on the Black Sea & lands in modern day Poland, Lithuania, & Belarus.

The Russian Empire

Revolt & Repression Serfs wanted freedom & their own land to farm. A few nobles supported enlightenment ideas -life, liberty, property -separation of powers Nobles didn’t agree on the types of reforms to establish. As education spread, the middle class demanded reforms at a quicker pace than the nobles did.

Decembrist Revolution Small group of army offices tried to overthrow the Czar & establish a republic. Result: FAILURE!! Leaders killed or sent to Siberia

Czar’s Reaction to Decembrists Czar imposed strict censorship & banned books from the West. Used secret police to spy on students & teachers Enforced Russian nationalism & loyalty to the Russian Orthodox Church as a way to united his vast multi- national empire. Pogroms – organized acts of violence against Jews The gov’t blamed the Jews as the source of Russian poverty The violence forced many Jews to leave Russia & go to Germany.

Russia’s Real Economic Problem Russian political & economic system slowed industrial growth in Russia Western European nations got stronger and more powerful because factories had lots of labor Russian factories didn’t have a lot of labor because serfs couldn’t leave the land they worked

Czar Alexander II In 1861, he freed the the serfs, but made them buy the land they lived on at high prices. Since most peasants owed so much money they lived in poverty.

Effects of Industrialization In the late 1800s industry expanded & peasants moved to cities where new factories were being built. The middle class grew, so did education Better healthcare & more food caused the population to soar. Life in the cities was bad. -little pay -long hours -dangerous working conditions

Revolutionary Movements Decembrist Revolt – 1825 *Goal – set up a republic Mid –1860s *Goal – establish socialism Who were the revolutionaries? -Most came from the small, but growing educated classes

What they did? Tried to get peasants to support their revolution. When this failed, they turned to terrorism. They assassinated Czar Alexander the II.

Czar Alexander III He succeeded his father & returned to the repressive actions his father relaxed. Despite this crackdown, by the time Czar Nicholas II came to power a new form of socialism, called Marxism became popular with the revolutionaries. Czar_Of_Russia_Nadar.jpg/433px-Alexander_III._Czar_Of_Russia_Nadar.jpg