CELL ENERGY! Chapter 9

ENERGY - A hot item! All cells need energy to function. They must: – Produce energy from their environments –Store energy for future use –Use energy in a controlled manner

What about my needs? The following cell processes require energy: –Active transport –Cell division –Movement of cilia/flagella –Production/storage of proteins –Transport of proteins

What do your cells need energy for? Flexing those muscles Hans! Pumping the heart Franz! Brain function

ATP – The candybar for cells When you finish strenuous physical exercise, your body wants a quick source of energy – a candybar! Like the candybar gives you that quick boost, ATP gives the organelles in cells a boost of energy!

What the heck is ATP? ATP – adenosine triphosphate Molecule made of adenosine and three phosphates Energy is stored in chemical bonds of molecule Candybar analogy: nougat + 3 peanuts AdenosineP PP

Forming and breaking down ATP! Phosphate groups have a charge Things with the same charge dont like to be together Like poles of a magnet Peanuts dont want to be together!

Since the phosphate groups dont want to be together - it takes a lot of energy to bond them to adenosine –(lots of caramel!) That energy is what makes up the energy molecule ATP! 1 - Mono- AMP (little energy) 2 - Di- ADP (more energy) 3 - Tri –ATP (lots of energy)

Get me outta here! The third phosphate group is so eager to get away from the others, that when the bond is broken, LOTS of energy is released! Free the peanut!

Energy of ATP The energy of ATP is available when it is broken down. Break those bonds and energy is released as ATP becomes ADP. ADP can reform into ATP by adding a phosphate group Repeat, repeat, repeat!!!!

Why is this cycle important? This cycle allows a cell to produce large amounts of energy without storing it! If a cell can continually find phosphates, there is an unlimited supply of energy! The more peanuts, the more candybars! Can you imagine all those candybars?

How can cells use ATP? Cells have to find a way to capture the runaway ATP energy! If not, the energy is wasted! Cellular proteins have a specific spot where ATP can bind. Just like a radio uses batteries, the cell can use ATP energy!

What do batteries have to do with it? Batteries have stored energy If batteries are sitting alone on a table, they serve no purpose. When batteries are plugged into a radio (protein of cell) the energy is put to use in operating the radio. When the batteries are used up, they can be recharged and used again-just like ATP cycle!

Summary All cells need energy ATP stores energy in chemical bonds Energy is released when bonds are broken. Cells use energy like batteries ATP energy can be recharged in cells as long as there is a supply of phosphates!