The New Deal FDR to the rescue!

New Deal Legislation Relief Recovery Reform

Relief Policies Unprecedented federal involvement in welfare Helped the “forgotten men” and their families Did not help all Some were unemployable and states were unwilling or unable to help them relief policies often were only a “partial success”

Federal Depository Insurance Corporation The FDIC was created in 1933 in response to the thousands of bank failures that occurred in the 1920s and early 1930s.  As the FDIC celebrates its 75th anniversary, we present a historical perspective on the rich history of protecting consumers. (FDIC Website) insure individual accounts up to $5,000 relief / reform

National Youth Administration provided work training based on U.S. citizenship and financial need for youth between ages sixteen and twenty-five offering courses in writing, reading, and arithmetic train unemployed, out-of-school youth provide work-study training for high school, college, and graduate students

Expansion of training for African - American youth

Heights Community Center

Vocational Training

Men 18 - 25 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Employed 2.5 million young men Men 18 - 25 Facilitate gang reconciliations Spearhead river cleanups Read to Head Starters in underserved communities Fix potholes Weed gardens for the elderly Assist settlement house patrons Provide at-home help for busy working moms

White River National Wildlife Refuge

Silver Falls State Park

Needles Lookout

Civil Works Administration “Boy Scout" work accounted for about 3% of the total population Formerly unemployed men and women would shovel snow, rake leaves, and clean up National parks through that winter

Works Progress Administration (WPA) Most important relief agency $11 billion Short-term, make-work projects to help the unemployed Built 2500 hospitals, 5900 schools, 13,000 playgrounds Funds for theater, arts and writers projects Financial aid to 2 million HS and college students Aid to 2.6 million young people not in school

Timberline Lodge

Snake House at San Diego Zoo built by WPA

WPA

Outer Drive Bridge Chicago

Western Illinois University

New Trier High School

Recovery Programs “Partial success” Pump priming

Public Work Adminitration - to administer the construction of various public works such as public buildings, bridges, dams, and housing developments to make loans to states and municipalities for similar projects budgeted several billion dollars to be spent on the construction of public works - designed to spend "big bucks on big projects."

North and Clybourn El Chicago

Chicago sewer

Triboroughs Bridge

National Industrial Recovery Act 2 year emergency program adopt a fair code of practices - Wagner Act .... labor can organize collective bargaining strikes Schector v. U.S. (1935) - NlRA declared unconstitutional in 1935 (WHY?) National Labor Relations Board power to conduct elections implants choose which unions could engage in collective bargaining Board of Arbitration Critics (i.e. business) "NLRB favors labor

Homeowners Loan Act - govt. lends $ to homeowners at low interest rates to pay off mortgages - refinanced mortgages of middle-income home owners

Federal Housing Administration improve housing conditions insure residential loans and financing help first – time buyers assist in “shoring-up” the mortgage market ( aide the financial market)

Farm Credit Administration loans are made available to farmers so they can pay off their loans (extend length of mortgages)

Agricultural Adjustment Act limit farm production subsidies - derived from taxing other industries (farm processors) - DID IT WORK? (Hint: 1933 Then 1933 – 1937) Butler v. U.S. - no constitutional right to regulate farm production - any such right belongs to the states

Reform Legislation Significant, long-term FDIC SEC Banking Act of 1935 TVA Fair Labor Standards Act Social Security Act

Securities Exchange Commission regulate the stock exchange stock offerings cleared by the SEC

Social Security Act - unemployment insurance old age pensions - disabled, aged, dependent children

Rural Electrification Administration - responsible for developing a program for generating and distributing electricity in isolated rural areas

Tennessee Valley Authority improve economic and social conditions for people living in this region 21 dams produce electricity - dams used for hydroelectric power created ....... - reservoirs for recreation, flood control, prevent soil erosion, creation of jobs

TVA

Legacy of the New Deal Changed federal government’s attitude and responsibility Democratic Party became the majority party “Big government”

Chicago subway