1 Steering Going in the right direction

2 Steering systems Conventional (parallelogram) Rack & Pinion Electronic (new in 2002) steer by wire Audi/Volvo

3 Conventional PS Pump Tie Rod Gear Box Pitman Arm center link Idle Arms Adjuster Sleeve

4 How it works

5 Conventional Steering AA Pitman Arm BB Gear Box CC Center Link DD Idler Arm EE Tie Rods

6 Recalculating Ball used on many trucks and SUVs linkage that turns the wheels

7 Inside the gear box Worm gear threads are filled with ball bearings ball bearings recirculate through the gear as it turns. without the balls in the steering gear, the teeth would come out of contact with each other for a moment, making the steering wheel feel loose Seal

8 Rack & Pinion

9 Rack & Pinion Eliminates center link, idler arms, & gear box

10 Rack & Pinion

11 Rack & Pinion Pinion Gear Rack

12 Power Rack & Pinion two fluid ports, one on either side of the piston. Supplying higher- pressure fluid to one side of the piston forces the piston to move, which in turn moves the rack, providing the power assist.

13 Conventional VS. Rack & Pinion

14 Steer by Wire Sensors pick up the driver's steering inputs and send this information to two microcomputers which, in turn, control an electrically driven steering gear. completely eliminate the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the steering

15 Idler arms By replacing worn idler arms you can reduce vehicle wander, excessive play in the steering wheel and abnormal tire wear.

16 Idler Arms Idler Arms hold the steering linkage in place.

17 Manual Steering Steering Linkage Parallelogram Steering Linkage Rack and Pinion Manual Steering Gear Steering Wheel & Column Steering Dampener

18 Power Steering External Piston Linkage System Internal Piston System Power Assist Rack & Pinion Components

19 Electronically Controlled Power Steering Systems Electric/Electronic Rack & Pinion System

20 Ball Joints Ball Joints are the pivot points on which the front wheels turn. By replacing worn ball joints with Ball Joints, you can reduce front-end noise, looseness and tire wear.

21 Power Steering Pumps Loud squealing cause by a worn or loose Power steering belt

22 Rotary pump at work

23 Power Steering Gear Box

24 Power Steering Box

25 Steering column

26 Steering column

27 Steering column

28 Steering Knuckle

29 Tie Rod to Wheel