Wars of the Cold War: China Korea Vietnam. China (Civil War) - Roots 1912 - China becomes a republic under Sun Yat-sen. Dictatorship replaces the republican.

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Presentation transcript:

Wars of the Cold War: China Korea Vietnam

China (Civil War) - Roots China becomes a republic under Sun Yat-sen. Dictatorship replaces the republican government Sun Yat-sen forms the Guomingdang (Nationalist) Party Chiang Kai-shek leads the Nationalists to power

Chinese Civil War Chiang Kai-shek – does not improve the living conditions of the peasants. Communists – supported by peasants Mao Zedong forms Red Army to fight against the Nationalist government

Chinese Civil War Chiang surrounds the Red Army. The Long March – Red Army under Mao breaks free and retreats. Started with 100,000 men and ends with only 8,000 left Communist and Nationalist join forces to fight against Japanese invasion.

Chinese Civil War After WWII – Civil War continues 1949 – Mao’s Communist forces defeat Chiang’s Nationalist forces Chiang/Nationalists retreat to the island of Taiwan off the coast of China. Mao/Communists in charge of mainland China Separation of China still exists today. Continuing source of conflict.

Japanese territory from 1910 – 1945 Allied Powers agreed to occupy Korea until free elections could be held Korean War - Roots

Korean War June 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea UN responds by sending forces USSR not involved US sends 90% of the troops

Korean War General Douglas MacArthur forces North Korean army north of the 38 th Parallel

Korea - Divided 38 th Parallel

Korean War MacArthur advances north. Communist China sends in troops, forcing the UN (US) back to the 38 th Parallel. Stalemate – from – Truce is signed 5 million have died (US - 33,629)

Executive Order 9981 ~ Issued by President Truman, July 26, 1948 Executive Order

Vietnam War

Vietnam - Roots Under French rule, then Japanese, then French France and the Vietminh (Vietnamese Communist Party) go to war after WWII USSR backs Vietminh US backs French

Vietnam - Divided North (communist) vs. South (“democratic”)

Vietnam - Divided South Vietnam – led by Diem, an unpopular leader South Vietnamese army assassinates Diem, with the quiet approval of Kennedy (US)

Vietnam - Divided North Vietnam – led by communist leader Ho Chi Minh Fights to free Vietnam from French, then US – hope to establish communism with support of China / USSR

Vietnam – the Quagmire “I predict you will sink step by step into a bottomless quagmire.” – de Gaulle

Vietnam War Domino Theory 1964 – War begins 1965 – the first Ground Troops are sent 1968 – more than ½ Million US Troops

Vietnam War 1968 – the Tet Offensive: Viet Cong (N. Vietnam) military offensive US opposition to the war grows War will officially end in 1975, after 1 ½ year cease-fire

Vietnam War Losses: 2 million dead 10 million refugees 58,000 American soldiers

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