Chapter 3 Lesson 1  Collapse of Rome

Why Rome Collapsed Political ConfusionEconomic weaknessesInvasions Weak government 22 emperors in 50 years Soldiers attacked farmsGermanic tribes Civil warLess money and higher food prices Persian tribes High taxesInflationNo loyalty - $ Lost of values – honor, honesty, courage Loss of jobs Lack of educationBarter system – traded for items not money Bribes

CAUSE/EFFECT  1. PEOPLE HAD LESS MONEY  2. ROMAN SOLDIERS AND FOREIGN INVADERS DISRUPTED TRADE  3. FARMERS AND MERCHANTS RAISED PRICES TO MAKE PROFITS  4. THE GOVERNMENT PRODUCED COINS WITH LESS GOLD AND SILVER IN THEM  5. THE VALUE OF ROMAN COINS DECREASED  6. MERCHANTS SAW PROFITS DECLINE  A. THERE WAS A STEEP RISE IN PRICES AND A DECLINE IN THE VALUE OF MONEY  B. THE NEW COINS HAD A REDUCED VALUE  C. THERE WERE FOOD SHORTAGES AND SOARING PRICES  D. PEOPLE BEGAN TO BARTER INSTEAD OF USING MONEY  E. MERCHANTS WENT OUT OF BUSINESS  F. PEOPLE BOUGHT FEWER GOODS

DIOCLETAN REFORMS 1. BUILD FORTS ALONG FRONTIER 2. DIVIDE THE EMPIRE INTO 4 PARTS 3. SET MAXIMUM PRICES FOR WAGES AND GOODS 4. ORDERED WORKERS TO REMAIN IN JOBS 5. HELD LOCAL OFFICIALS RESPONSIBLE FOR TAXES PROBLEMS 1. POLITICAL CONFUSION 2. ECONOMIC WEAKNESSES 3. ARMY TOO STRONG SUCCESS OR NOT OVERALL NO BECAUSE HE WAS A WEAK LEAADER AND PEOPLE IGNORED REFORMS: HOWEVER, 1. FORTS – SUCCESS – BECAUSE 2. DIVIDE EMPIRE – SUCCESS – BECAUSE 3. SET WAGES – SUCCESS – BECAUSE 4. WORKERS – NOT SUCCESS – BECAUSE 5. LOCAL OFFICIALS – NOT SUCCESS – BECAUSE

Constantine 1. Tried to reinforce reforms of Diocletan 2. Wanted a stable workforce and military 3. People did the same job as their fathers 4. Moved the capital from Rome to present day Turkey the Greek city of Byzantium 5. New capital name: CONSTANTINOPLE 6. THEODOSIS took over after Constantine died and broke the empire into 2 parts: Eastern and Western

GERMANIC INVADERS HUNS GROUP OF WARRIERS FROM MONGOLIA FEARED BY MANY ENTERED EASTERN EUROPE IN 300S FORCED PEOPLE TO LOOK FOR BETTER FARMLAND AND MORE LIVESTOCK VISIGOTHS ASKED TO SETTLE IN ROME FOR PROTECTION FROM HUNS PROMISED TO BE LOYAL TREATED BADLY BY ROMANS CHARGED HIGH PRICES AND ENSLAVED REBELED AND DEFEATED THE ROMANS AT ADRIANOPLE ALSO CAPTURED ROME AND LOOTED THE CITY (LEADER ALARIC) VANDALS ATTACKED SPAIN AND NORTHERN AFRICA ATTACKED ITALY AND ENTERED ROME IN AD 455 SPENT 2 WEEKS TAKING THE VALUABLES AND BELONGINGS OF THE ROMANS DESTROYED PROPERTY

IMPACT OF GERMANIC INVADERS  BY AD 400S THE GERMANIC INVADERS WERE PART OF ROMAN LEADERSHIP  GERMANIC GENERAL NAMED ODACER OVERTHREW 14 YEAR OLD ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS  HE RULED FOR 15 YEARS AND WAS KILLED BY THE VISGOTHS  WESTERN EMPIRE CEASED TO EXIST

Roman empire splits Eastern empire  Constantinople is capital  It thrives and prospers  It becomes the Byzantine Empire  Last almost 1,000 years Western empire  Numerous attacks  Rome falls in ad 476  It is divided into Germanic kingdoms

ROME’S LEGACIES  LAW AND GOVERNMENT – EQUALITY UNDER THE LAW; INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY; FAIR JUDGES; PEOPLE VOTE  CULTURAL IMPACT – LATIN ALPHABET; LATIN LANGUAGES SUCH AS FRENCH, SPANISH, AND ITALIAN; LATIN ROOTS AND PHRASES; ROMAN WRITEERS LIKE HORACE AND TACTITUS; ARCHITECTURE LIKE THE COLOSEUM  CHRISITAINITY – ADOPTED BY ROMANS IN AD 300S BY EMPERORS; GREW AND SPREAD ALL OVER THE WORLD; ONE OF THE 5 MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD TODAY

BYZANTINE EMPIRE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

CAPITAL CITY – CONSTANTINOPLE  MULTICULTURAL - ROMANS, GREEKS, SLAVS, EGYPTIANS  VERY ADVANCED  GOOD TRADE PORT (PENINSULA)- FISHING, TRADE, AND WARSHIPS  PROTECTION FROM THE SEA ON 3 SIDES  BECAME KNOWN AS THE “NEW ROME”  HIPPODROME – CHARIOT RACES  HAD TO SPEAK LATIN AND FOLLOW ROMAN LAWS – GAVE BREAD TO THE POOR  LATER GREEKS BEGAN TO INFLUENCE THE REGION - SPEECH AND WRITING

JUSTINIAN VS. THEODORA JUSTINIAN  RULED FROM 527 – 565 AD.  HAD LEGAL SCHOLARS HEADED BY TRIBONIAN TO CREATE A SIMPLER CODE OF LAWS  HAD A LOT OF ARCHITECTURE DONE ESPECIALLY CHURCHES - ONE CHURCH WAS CALLED HAGIA SOPHIA – “Holy wisdom” - marble and silver – Many mosaics and saints in church  HE VALUED EDUCATION AND BOYS STUDIED RELIGION, MEDICINE, LAW, ETC.  HE WANTED TO RESTORE ROMAN EMPIRE – HE USED CALVARY (SOLDIERS ON HORSES) WITH BOWS AND LANCES (LONG SPEARS)  HIS ARMY WON MANY TERRORITIES INCLUDING ITALY AND NORTHERN AFRICA UNTIL A DISEASE KNOWN AS JUSTINIAN’S PLAGUE KILLED MANY  LOST MANY LANDS AFTER HIS DEATH THEODORA  JUSTINIAN’S WIFE  BEAUTIFUL, AMBITIOUS, AND INTELLIGENT  HELPED TO CHOOSE THE LEADERS  GAVE RIGHTS TO WOMEN SUCH AS OWNING LAND  GAVE HER HUSBAND STRENGTH POLITICALLY