-Definition -Two common types -Therapy for laryngetomy

 Definition  Related to structural deviations of the vocal tract  Or to diseases of specific structures of the vocal tract  Examples  Cleft palate (structural deviation)  Viral papilloma of larynx (vocal tract disease)

 Treatment  Medical  Dental  Surgical  Voice therapy by SLP  Improve the physiologic function of a damaged larynx  Develop the best voice possilbe

 Cause/etiology  Smoking  Use of smokeless tobacco  Chronic infections  Herpes  Repeated trauma to irritated site  Leukoplakia ( 黏膜白斑病 )

 Location  Lip and intraoral - articulation  Palatal and velar - articulation,vocal resonance and swallow  Laryngeal - voice  Types of laryngeal cancer  Supraglottal  Glottal  Subglottal

 Treatment for laryngeal cancers  Combination of radiation therapy and surgery – small to moderate lesions  Hemilaryngectomy, supraglottal laryngectomy or total laryngectomy - extensive cancers

Laryngeal cancer

Tongue cancer

Lip cancer

 Cause/etiology  Unknown ， vocal abuse and laryngopharyngeal reflux(acquired)

 Location  Medial edge of the VF  All segement of the edge of the VF  Bilaterally symmetrical  Superficial layer of the mucosa or the vocal ligament and muscle  Types  Physiological - normal voice  Congenital - abnormal mucosal wave  Acquired - abnormal mucosal wave

 Acoustic changes adductionAbnormal mucosal wave Stiff lamina pr opria Compromised l amina propria Air leakag e Glottal incomp etence Strained qualit y Little pitch change Low intens ity

 Treatment  Surgery  Incision  Injection (collagen, fat,etc)  Mucosal slicing  Followed by voice therapy  Reducing hyperfunction  Pitch shifts  Loudness changes  etc

 Function of larynx  Prevent aspiration  Three valve  The true folds  The ventricular folds  The aryepiglottic folds  Total laryngectomy alters respiration, swallowing and speech.