Lecturer 2 (Review) Self POSITIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to positive feedback, good feelings, and acceptance. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to giving positive regard and acceptance at all times and in all situations. CONDITIONAL POSTIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to giving positive regard and acceptance only in certain conditions

Other key concepts in Ch 2 Self-concept = how we think about ourselves (cognitive) Self-esteem = how we feel about ourselves (emotional) Self-efficacy = bridge between self-concept and self-esteem by influencing both cognition and emotion Positive self = refer to visions, both positive and negative, of who and what we might become someday

Key Elements of Self See page 44 3

Lecture 3: Self (Chapter 2) and Personality and Needs (Chapter 3) Caritas Francis Hsu College General Education 2009-2010 PHI1011 Individual and Society Lecture 3: Self (Chapter 2) and Personality and Needs (Chapter 3)

The Johari Window Known to Self Unknown to self Known to others Unknown to others Open Blind Hidden Unknown

The Johari Window – early relationship Known to Self Unknown to self Known to others Unknown to others Open Blind Hidden Unknown

The Johari Window – close relationship Known to Self Unknown to self Known to others Unknown to others Open Blind Hidden Unknown

The Johari Window Known to Self Unknown to self Known to others Unknown to others Open Blind Hidden Unknown

Class Outline 1. What is Needs? 2. Hierarchy of Needs

I. What is Needs? 1. Needs & Wants Needs: Wants: Things people must have to live, e.g. food, clothing, and shelter. Wants: Things people would like to have but do not need in order to live.

I. What is Needs? 2. How Wants Become Needs Two ways this can happen are: 1. Through commercials or ads, and 2. Convincing yourself a want is a need.

I. What is Needs? 2. How Wants Become Needs 2.1 Advertising Sells Wants > Needs = Ads Ads: information > new product > new trend Frequent Ads > "Yes, I need that.“ e.g. make-up stuff, body slim promotion, … Unknown Product > Ads > Believe We Must Have e.g. 排毒美顏寶

I. What is Needs? 2. How Wants Become Needs 2.2 DIY: Do It Yourself You can also do the same thing to yourself. e.g. a new CD for your favorite artist You'd feel so special having it. And you deserve it because: you've done without so much, you work so hard, you give up so much for your kids, everyone else has it ­ of course you should have it and not do without. You need it.

I. What is Needs? 3. Categories of Need Need: either biological or social needs / absolute e.g. the need for shelter, food, human contact, etc. socially and historically determined differ at different times, in different societies and in different cultures e.g. TV, mobile phone

I. What is Needs? 3. Categories of Need 3.1 Felt / Subjective / Perceived Needs People believe they must have to achieve an acceptable level of well-being. e.g. latest mobile phone model 3.2 Expressed Needs An indication of the degree to which needs exist as revealed by specific factors. e.g. Queue for movie tickets, housing prices, HD/AD programmes

I. What is Needs? 3. Categories of Need 3.3 Normative / Objective Needs Usually, experts or outsiders decide what standard is. e.g. course content 3.4 Relative Needs People must have to achieve an acceptable level of well being as compared to other e.g. subsidies in CSSA

II. Hierarchy of Needs Each of us is motivated by needs. Hierarchy of Needs from Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) explains how these needs motivate us all. Hierarchy of Needs: satisfy each need in turn starting with the first - needs for survival itself lower order needs (physical and emotional) well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs (influence and personal development) if lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs.

II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.1 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 1. Self-Actualization needs 2. Esteem needs 3. Belongingness and Love needs 4. Safety needs 5. Biological and Physiological needs

II. Hierarchy of Needs

II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization keen sense of reality - aware of real situations - objective judgement, rather than subjective see problems in terms of challenges and situations requiring solutions, rather than see problems as personal complaints or excuses need for privacy and comfortable being alone reliant on own experiences and judgement - independent - not reliant on culture and environment to form opinions and views

II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization not susceptible to social pressures - non-conformist democratic, fair and non-discriminating - embracing and enjoying all cultures, races and individual styles socially compassionate - possessing humanity accepting others as they are and not trying to change people

II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization comfortable with oneself - despite any unconventional tendencies a few close intimate friends rather than many surface relationships sense of humour directed at oneself or the human condition, rather than at the expense of others spontaneous and natural - true to oneself, rather than being how others want

II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization excited and interested in everything, even ordinary things creative, inventive and original seek peak experiences that leave a lasting impression

III. Reflections Johari Window and Maslow’s Hierachy (lecture 3) What is your “basic” needs? How can you obtain those needs? How far you can achieve Self-actualisation? Johari Window and Maslow’s Hierachy (lecture 3)