ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON

Organic molecules

Carbohydrates

CARBOHYDRATES ELEMENTS: C H O H:O = 2:1 BUILDING BLOCKS: monosaccharides (glucose, simple sugars) FUNCTIONS:1. preferred energy source - glucose/short term glycogen/long term 2. storage material – starch/plants glycogen/animals 3. structural material- cellulose/plant cell wall chitin/fungus cell wall, insect exoskeleton SOURCES: Honey, candy, spaghetti, rice, potato, bread End in ose

More carbohydrate info MonoS: single sugar unit C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose, fructose DiS: double sugar unit C 12 H 22 O 11 sucrose. PolyS: many glucose units (C 12 H 10 O 5 ) n arranged differently cellulose, glycogen, starch

Proteins

PROTEIN ELEMENTS: C H O N sometimes P and S BUILDING BLOCKS: amino acids 20 types variable amino gp carboxyl gp FUNCTIONS: 1. growth and repair 2. enzymes – speed reactions 3. hormones –insulin, controls blood sugar 4. nails, hair, muscle, hemoglobin 5. last resort source of energy SOURCES: dairy products, peanuts, meat

BONDING OF AMINO ACIDS Amino acids bond together making proteins. C — N peptide bond forms between amino acids Amino acids end in ine or ate

Lipids

LIPIDS ELEMENTS: C H O #H huge compared to O BUILDING BLOCKS: fatty acids and glycerol (E) FUNCTIONS: 1. energy source 2. insulation 3. water proofing 4. plasma membrane SOURCES: butter, fried foods, bacon fat

Other info about lipids Room temperature: fats-solid, oil-liquid Insoluble Saturated fats: contain saturated fatty acids with single bonds along C chain, animal lipids. Not good, solid. Unsaturated fats: contain double bond/s along C chain. Plant lipids, good, liquid. Waxes Phospholipids Steroids: cholesterol

Nucleic acids

NUCLEIC ACIDS ELEMENTS: C H O P BUILDING BLOCKS: nucleotides Sugar+phosphate+N base FUNCTIONS: 1. genetic blueprints 2. transferring information EXAMPLES: DNA, RNA,