Engine Construction & Principles of Operation page 63

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Presentation transcript:

Engine Construction & Principles of Operation page 63 Chapter 4 Engine Construction & Principles of Operation page 63

Gasoline Engines A gasoline fueled engine is a mechanism designed to transform the chemical energy of burning fuel into mechanical energy. Single cylinder Multi-cylinder V-inline- Rotary All have similar Fuel systems, Cooling and lubrication systems.

Simple Engine operation Intake fuel/air Compression compress it Power Spark Exhaust get rid of it http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm 4 Cycles

Gasoline HydroCarbon (HC) Refined from Petroleum Must: Ignite readily Burn Cleanly Resist detonation Vaporize easily w/o impeding flow- Be free of dirt

Gasoline Assign Octane # 87-89-93 Higher # for higher compression Shelf life Leaded/Lead Free Tetraethyl lead Additives Ethanol Methanol ether

Gas MUST Burn Quickly Not over 10% Ethanol Liquid gas burns cold & Slow

Fuel is Atomized Must be in mist/vapor/atomized Increase surface area Droplets (Spray paint, Air brush, mist)

Explosion must be contained Need to contain to perform work Tube Sliding plug Cap Inlet\Outlet Direct the flame/explosion

Further Improvements Limit area of Explosion Tube = Cylinder Sliding Plug = Piston Cap = Head Inlet/Outlet = Valves

Basics for an Engine Systems of the engine Mechanical Carburetion Ignition Cooling Lubrication

Cylinder Block Frame of engine Keeps parts in alignment Iron or Aluminum Holes “Bored” Cooling fins Water Jacket

Crankshaft Major Rotating part Changes Reciprocating motion into rotary motion Fly Wheel/Snout Output Counter weights Crank pin / connecting rod journal Throw Key way

Crankcase Rigid Hold seals Hold oil Extreme pressure

Piston Sliding plug Expands during operation Ring grooves Piston pin/wrist pin Head constructions

Pistons

Connecting Piston to Crankshaft Wrist Pin Retaining clips Connecting Rod Bearings Cap Retainer Bolts

Intake & Exhaust Ports Ports (openings) Passages Intake & Exhaust Ports Ports (openings) Passages Capped w/ poppet valves

Poppet Valves 4 stroke engines Door ways Pop open Sit in Valve guides

Valve Spring Assembly Holds valve in place Closes valve Valve Spring Retainer Keeper

Valve Lifters/Tappets Rides on Camshaft Taps/Lifts Valves Some adjustable

Cam Shaft Controls OPENING of valves Duration (time) Reach (distance) ½ crank speed www. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/camshaft.htm

Fly Wheel smoothes engine operation Magnets cast into Key way/groove Metal fins cooling Clutch