Chapter 5

Things that are key in this chapter… The Articles of Confederation The Constitutional Convention The New Constitution The Bill of Rights

Some issues (DWTD) What will the relationship between the states and the federal government be? The states are reluctant to unite and lose their individuality.

3 BIG ISSUES IN THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS How will states be represented? How will power be shared? Who will get lands in the West?

The Articles of Confederation Were weak because that is what the colonies wanted. The federal government could: -declare war, make peace, sign treaties, borrow money, set weights and measures, create a postal service, deal w/ natives. The federal government could not: -enforce its laws, tax, create national courts.

Lands in the West were an issue!!! The colonies CEDED all of their lands to the federal government. Two key laws were made to control those lands.

Established a plan for surveying and dividing the land. Look at the map of states the existed before it!!

Created the process for dividing land into territories. Set requirements for the admission of new states. What about the natives?

How a territory becomes a state? 1. Congress appoints a territorial governor and judges. 2. When a territory has 5,000 voting residents, they can write a temporary constitution and elect a government. 3. When the pop. reaches 60,000 free inhabitants, the residents write a constitution and when it is approved, they can become a state.

The government faced some problems it couldnt solve!!!

Constitutional Convention The states realized that they needed to make some changes So they met in Philadelphia in 1787.

The Constitutional Convention © Shawn McCusker

A few facts… They were only supposed to fix the Articles of Confederation. They met from May to September in The meeting was secret!!! People knew they were meeting but they did not share details.

First they agree to… Scrap the Articles of Confederation. Create 3 Branches of Government. Why? Executive Legislative Judicial

How will the states be represented in the government? Small States and Large States disagreed.

2 plans were proposed The New Jersey Plan –Each State would get equal representation in Congress –This would make smaller states more powerful. The Virginia Plan –Each state would get representation based upon population –This would give large states greater representation.

The Result was… The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise –Proposed by Roger Sherman Created a bicameral legislature.Created a bicameral legislature. The House of Representatives The Senate Representation by pop. Equal representation

The framers of the Constitution did not trust the common man. Why? The common man was a simple farmer.

So in order to protect the country they created… The Electoral College The indirect election of Senators States created land ownership requirements in order to vote.

Should Slaves count towards the population of southern states. Get ready for hypocrisy at its best.

The North and South disagree The SOUTH says that they Should be counted as part of the population.The SOUTH says that they Should be counted as part of the population. How is this different from what they usually believe about slaves?How is this different from what they usually believe about slaves? The North says that they should not be counted.The North says that they should not be counted. What if they just agreed?What if they just agreed?

The 3/5 Compromise 3/5 of the slave population would be counted towards the population of southern states.3/5 of the slave population would be counted towards the population of southern states. This means that each slave counts as 3/5 of a person.This means that each slave counts as 3/5 of a person.

After the Constitutional Convention The Constitution is released to the public. 9 states must ratify it before it takes effect. Two sides form. Supporters of the Constitution= Federalists People opposed are called Anti- Federalists.

The Federalist Papers

And so.. In Late 1787 the constitution is adopted by the states… But only after they promise to make a list of rights reserved to the people The Bill of Rights is adopted.