Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007 Recent CO 2 gradients over Europe M.Ramonet, P.Ciais et al.

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Presentation transcript:

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Recent CO 2 gradients over Europe M.Ramonet, P.Ciais et al.

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Marine & Continental sites over Europe

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct The CO 2 time series over Europe PUY (all data) ORL ( m) SCH (all data) HH1 (all data) PAL (all data) BAL (ESRL/NOAA flask) BSC (ESRL/NOAA flask) PUY (all data) ORL ( m) SCH (selected data) HH1 (selected data) PAL (selected data) BAL (ESRL/NOAA flask) BSC (ESRL/NOAA flask) Monthly means or individual flask data

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct The CO 2 time series over Europe

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Mean seasonal gradients

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Annual CO 2 offset to Mace Head

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Sensitivity to the ref. site

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Sensitivity to the data selection

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Seasonal 5-years trends

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct What are the main drivers for trend and interannual variability of CO 2 gradients over Europe ?

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Winter NAO Winter (Dec-Mar) Station Based NAO Index

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct PBL height from radiosoundings  Mean SUMMER inland trend: 200m/10years: 2%/year  Mean YEAR inland: 100m/10years: 1%/year Vautard et al.

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct PBL height from ECMWF  Comparison ECMWF vs radiosoundings ?  Strong interest for collocated observations of PBL height and CO2

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Fossil fuel emissions from CDIAC Paris et al. Eastern = Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Austria, Eastern europe Western = France, UK, Ireland, Benelux Mediterranean = Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece Northern = Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, + 3 baltic states

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Corbières et al., 2007 Sea surface CO 2 in N.Atlantic SINK SOURCE fCO 2 (µatm) calculated with DIC and TA (53°N - 62°N) The ocean fCO 2 evolution is mainly related to sea surface warming, up to 2°C since 1993 and results in a large changes for the air-sea CO 2 fluxes 8 Atmosphere (MHD)

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Calculation of CO 2 gradients

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct BSC BAL BSC: Local Time - 2 hour(s) = UTC BAL: Local Time - 1 hour(s) = UTC Influence of the flask sampling time

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Influence of the flask sampling time All flasks Selected flasks

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct Seasonal trends compared to Mace Head PUY (all data) ORL ( m) SCH (selected data) HH1 (selected data) PAL (selected data) BAL (ESRL/NOAA flask) BSC (ESRL/NOAA flask)

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct CO 2 CO Comparison of CO 2 & CO trends NOAA flasks

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct [ ] vs [ ] CO 2 gradient increased by ~35% ~ +0.3 PgC y -1 Fossil fuel increased by ~3% ~ PgC y anomaly Ecosystems = +0.5 PgC y -1 [Ciais et al., 2005] Fossil fuel = +0.9 ± 0.02 PgC y -1 [UNFCC: ] Ecosystems= ± 0.28 PgC y -1 [Janssens et al., 2003] =>European carbon balance +0.8 ± 0.3 PgC y-1 EU carbon fluxes

Carboeurope Annual Meeting Poznan, 8-12 Oct CO 2 gradients between many continental sites (PUY, ORL, HH1, BAL, BSC) and marine sites over Europe are higher (~35%) in 2001 ‑ 2005 compared to 1993 ‑ Not highly sensitive to the data selection schemes. Some sites (PUY, BAL) show a higher signal in Spring. Fossil fuel emissions are increasing (+3%), but do not seem to explain the observed signal (factor of 10). CO gradients are not increasing (BAL, BSC, HUN). Results consistent with Ciais et al.(2005) => 3-5 years anomaly ? To be investigated: Changes in the atmospheric transport Changes in the spatial distribution of anthropogenic sources Other dataset (eddy flux time series, satellite data,...)