Prof. Vala Ragnarsdottir and Prof. Nikos Nikolaidis SoilCritZone – Soil Sustainability in Europe With Mankasingh U., Stamati F., Banwart S., Leake J., Gaillardet J., Novak M., van Gaans P., Rousseva S., Blum W., Aagaard P., White T. and Brantley S.

a) Can we ground truth the new models? b) Can we delineate risk areas? c) Can we define appropriate management measures to alleviate the threats (restoration measures) and achieve soil sustainability? 4. Modeling the Life Cycle of Soils

Available Models Bedrock Soil System Terrestrial Ecosystem Urban Land Use Rural Land Use Maintaining the Soil Life Cycle General Solute Circulation Models - processes Economic valuation (of soil function) models Meta-models for geomorphology Meta-models for decision/policy (lumped parameters, spatial aggregation) Detailed process models from molecular to catchment scale (discipline specific, analysis tools)

Drivers Natural Anthropogenic Pressures Soil loss Biodiversity Quality Fertility Toxicity Pollution State Function Asset value Impact Economic Ecosystem services On other systems Response Scenario evaluation by LCA Regulation Fiscal Market forces Social/behavioral DPSIR Analysis of soils

Driver – Pressure models CLORPT (Climate, organisms, relief, parent material and time) –Soil development (Baseline) –Landscape development Soil Evolution – Evaluate Deviation –From base line due to anthropogenic influences (present state)

State – Impact models (need to be developed) Soil profile – Catchment – Continental Scale –Soil profile impacts: Eco-services –Catchment impacts: Other systems (anthropogenic, Hydro…) –Continental impacts: Economic –Other scientific gaps: Parameters needed to assess soil critical zone system? –Observatory design

Response models LCA (Life Cycle Analysis Models) & Assessment Management –Socio - economic valuation methods –Social costs/benefits –Health costs/benefits –Commercial Impacts –Energy needs

European Soil Observatories Several sites being considered –Observatories and Satellites Advise from US colleagues Unified data collection strategy Unified data management strategy

APPLICATIONS – 18 – DO WE NEED MORE? 1FUCHSENBIGL – AUSTRIA 2WEST INDIES SOIL OBSERVATORY – FRANCE 3U DVOU LOUCEK – CZECH REPUBLIC 4LYSINA – CZECH REPUBLIC 5SOIL ALKALANIZATION – SLOVAKIA 6KLAUSENLEOPOLDSDORF - AUSTRIA 7ZALA – HUNGARY (ISPRA) 84 ICP-IM – SWEDEN 9RUSE - BULGARIA

OBSERVATORIES - CONT 10 PLYNLIMON – UK 11 ZALF-QUILLOW – GERMANY 12 STATIC FERTILIZATION – GERMANY 13TERENO – BODE – GERMANY 14 TERENO – RUR – GERMANY 15 TERENO – SCHEYERN – GERMANY 16 KOLIARIS – GREECE 17 DAMMA – SWITZERLAND 18 SEDIMENTARY SOILS - NETHERLANDS

Developing sharp objectives/questions Sustainable Soil Management linked with Integrated Water Resources Management Observatory Site Selection

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CRETE HYDROGEOCHEMICA L ENGINEERING AND REMEDIATION OF SOILS LABORATORY Thank you… Vala Ragnarsdottir, Bristol, UK Nikos Nikolaidis, Chania, Greece Steve (Barney) Banwart, Sheffield, UK Jerome Gaillardet, Paris, France Martin Novak, Prague, Czech Republic Paulina van Gaans, Utrecht, Netherlands Svetla Rousseva, Sofia, Bulgaria Winfried Blum, Vienna, Austria Par Aagard, Oslo, Norway Susan Brantley and Tim White, PennState, USA