The European Union

The E.U. and the United States

Thinking About The EU A.What’s in a Name? B.Who’s in, who’s out? C.Three Pillars: economics, justice, and foreign relations

Thinking About The EU D. Key Questions i.What are the origins of the EU? ii.What is its political culture and how does it shape participation? iii.What are the main decision-making institutions? iv.What is its public policy? v.How does that feed back to the European people?

The Evolution of the EU 1951 European Steel and Coal Community -Treaty of Paris 1957 European Economic Community -Treaty of Rome 1967 European Community - CAP (Common Ag Policy), - EMS (Euro. Monetary Sys., -COREPER (Committee of Permanent Representatives) 1991 European Union - Maastricht Treaty 2002 Monetary Union

1951 Treaty of Paris European Steel and Coal Community France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium Council of Ministers Cabinet Members of National Governments Power of Policy Making Common Assembly chosen by National Parliaments Power of Review High Authority chosen by National Governments Power of Implementation Court of Justice chosen and supervised by National Governments Power of Adjudication

1957 Treaty of Rome European Economic Community France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium Council of Ministers Cabinet Members of National Governments Power of Policy Making European Parliament chosen by National Parliaments Power of Review High Commission chosen by National Governments Power of Implementation European Court of Justice Chosen by National Governments Power of Adjudication

1967 Merger Treaties* European Community France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom Greece, Spain, Portugal Council of Ministers Cabinet Members of National Governments Power of Policy Making European Parliament chosen by Direct Election Power of Review and Amendment High Commission chosen by National Governments Power of Implementation European Court of Justice Chosen by National Governments Power of Adjudication *Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), European Monetary System (EMS), Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

1991 MaastrichtTreaty European Union France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Sweden 2004 – Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia 2007 – Bulgaria, Romania Candidate Membership – Macedonia, Croatia, Turkey Council of Ministers Cabinet Members of National Governments Power of Policy Making European Parliament chosen by Direct Election Power of Review and Amendment European Commission chosen by Council of Ministers Power of Implementation European Court of Justice Chosen by National Governments Power of Adjudication European Court of Auditors Chosen by National Governments Power of Adjudication Rejected Membership in referendums: Switzerland 1994, Norway 1994 Membership Application Rejected: Morocco 1987

Popular Culture and Participation in the EU A.Few people identify themselves first as European. B.Key EU organizations are still superficial C.Democratic deficit D.Lack of common language E.Deepening and Broadening

The European State? A.The Commission B.The Council i.General Affairs Council ii.European Council iii.COREPRER iv.Qualified voting majority C.The European Court of Justice D.The European Parliament

Decision Making in the E.U.

Public Policy in the EU A.The Internal Market B.Common Agricultural Policy C.Monetary Union D.Political Union

European Union Dilemmas A.The Complexities of EU Decision Making B.Deepening and Broadening C.The EU and National Sovereignty D.Expansion