Living organisms have the capacity to produce populations of infinite size, but environments and resources limit population size. Content Standard 4.3

Biomass is the weight of all the living matter in a particular area.

Any level of a pyramid has more biomass than the level above it.

Biomass - 1 min

Everything is connected to everything else. 1

Everything must go somewhere. 2

Nature knows best. 3

There is no such thing as a free lunch. 4

The rate at which solar energy is converted into organic compounds.

The units of productivity are kilocalories per square meter per year.

Total amount of energy produced, including the energy used by plants for their own respiration.

Rate at which plants store energy that is NOT used in plant respiration.

Producers - 9 min

The number of organisms in an area is directly related to the productivity of the area.

What can be said about the productivity of the area?

What can be said about the productivity of the area?

A population is all the members of a species living in the same area.

Biotic potential is the rate at which a population will grow if...

all individuals survive and reproduce at their maximum capacity.

Biotic potential is a theoretical number that is NEVER realized in nature.

A population growing at such a rate will produce exponential growth.

Before a population could reach its biotic potential, resources will give out and the population will CRASH.

Population density refers to the number of individuals in a population in a given area at a given time.

Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem is capable of supporting.

Environmental factors limiting population growth are: food, water, oxygen, and living space.

Rate of Population Growth = natality - mortality (birth rate)(death rate)

Rate of Population Growth = natality - mortality (birth rate)(death rate)

Rate of Population Growth = natality - mortality (birth rate)(death rate)

At some point in your life, do you want to have kids?

What are your reasons?

Human population growth is NOT a biological imperative, but is culturally determined.

60,000 BP: 1 million 40,000 BP: 2.5 million 10,000 BP: 10 million 2,000 BP: 250 million 1850: 1 Billion 1930: 2 Billion 1960: 3 Billion 1974: 4 Billion 1986: 5 Billion 1999: 6 Billion

60,000 BP: 1 million 40,000 BP: 2.5 million 10,000 BP: 10 million 2,000 BP: 250 million 1850: 1 Billion 1930: 2 Billion 1960: 3 Billion 1974: 4 Billion 1986: 5 Billion 1999: 6 Billion 80 years 30 years 14 years 12 years 13 years 264 million years

In the last 50 years, we have consumed more of Earth's resources than in all of previous history combined!

World population today is 6.5 Billion.

World population is predicted to reach 7 Billion on October 18, 2012.

World population is predicted to reach 9 Billion by 2050.

What type of growth does this graph show?

What happens to a population experiencing exponential growth?

CRASH

It is estimated that humanity is currently consuming earth's resources 20% faster than they can be sustained.

China has the largest population today.

India's population is predicted to pass China's in 2025.

The natural carrying capacity of the planet is roughly 10 million people.

How is the Earth supporting 6.5 billion people today?

Earth's carrying capacity was artificially increased by the introduction of agriculture roughly 10,000 years ago.

impurities that produce undesirable changes in an ecosystem. Pollution

There are two basic types of pollutants:

are subject to decay by microorganisms. Biodegradable Pollutants

These pollutants will eventually be recycled by the ecosystem. Biodegradable Pollutants

cannot be decomposed by microorganisms. Non-biodegradable Pollutants

These pollutants will NEVER be recycled by natural processes. Non-biodegradable Pollutants

Domestic Agriculture Industrial Three Basic Sources of Pollution

Domestic sources include: paints, oils, garbage, and trash.

Agricultural sources include: fertilizer, pesticides, and animal wastes.

Industrial sources include: acids, oils, heavy metals, and other chemicals.

Everything must go somewhere.

Paper and Cardboard 18% Kitchen Waste 18% Garden Waste 21% 3% Metal Packaging Dense Plastic 4% Plastic film 3% Domestic Trash Glass 7% 4 kg of paper per household per week

Paper and Cardboard 18% Kitchen Waste 18% Garden Waste 21% 3% Metal Packaging Dense Plastic 4% Plastic film 3% Which one makes the most recycle sense? Glass 7% 4 kg of paper per household per week

Paper and Cardboard 18% Kitchen Waste 18% Garden Waste 21% 3% Metal Packaging Dense Plastic 4% Plastic film 3% Which one is most recycled? Glass 7% 4 kg of paper per household per week

In 2003, 54 billion cans were recycled, saving the energy equivalent of 15 million barrels of crude oil - America's entire gas consumption for one day.

It costs MORE to use recycled paper than process wood into paper!

There are 20 plastic containers on the lab bench. Put them in their proper plastic group.

Plastic Resin Codes

Polyethylene Terephthalate Use: Soft drink and mouthwash bottles. Recycle: Soft drink and soap bottles, paint brushes, tennis balls, carpets, egg cartons, and boats.

High Density Polyethylene Use: Milk, water, and juice jugs, liquid detergent bottles, some toys, and some grocery bags. Recycle: Soft drink bottle base cups, stadium seats, trash cans, traffic cones, and toys.

Polyvinyl Chloride or just "Vinyl" Use: Clear food packaging and shampoo bottles. Recycle: Floor mats, pipes, and hose.

Low Density Polyethylene Use: Bread bags, grocery bags, and frozen food bags. Recycle: Trash can liners and grocery bags.

Polypropylene Use: Ketchup bottles, yogurt cups, margarine tubs, and medicine bottles. Recycle: Paint buckets, cassette cases, ice scrapers, lawnmower wheels, and auto battery cases.

Polystyrene Use: CD jackets, coffee cups, knives, forks, spoons, food trays, fast foot sandwich containers. Recycle: Desk-top accessories, file folders, food trays, flower pots, trash cans, cassette holders.

Other This code indicates that the object is made with a resin other than the normal 6, or is made of a combination of resins in a multi-layer combination. Recycle: Bottles, plastic lumber applications.

Acid rain is produced by burning fossil fuels that have a high sulfur content.

While all fossil fuels contain some sulfur, coal has the most.

Acid rain not only harms plants and animals, it also corrodes construction materials, such as metal and stone.

The chemistry involved in forming acid rain is quite complex, involving several steps:

Fuels containing sulfur burn to produce sulfur dioxide SO 2 1

Sulfur dioxide combines with oxygen in the air to produce sulfur trioxide SO 3 2

Sulfur trioxide combines with water in the air to produce sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 3

Earth's Average Temperature

Earth's Average Temperature / 2 degree rise in average temp

Thousands of Years (B.P.) Earth's Average Temperature Temperature Change ( o C)

The USA has only 4% of the world population, but produces 25% of the world greenhouse gasses

During October, the trees removed the greatest amount of A. ozone B. particulates C. NO 2 D. SO 2

The graph covers A. one month B. ten months C. one year D. ten years

Which group on the pyramid has the largest biomass? A. Bass B. Minnows C. Copepods D. Algae

Which group on the pyramid has the largest population? A. Bass B. Minnows C. Copepods D. Algae

Which of the following best explains the results on the graph since A.the deer population increased B. the farmer bought a tractor C. the farmer began fertilizing his fields D. the cotton rat population decreased

The carrying capacity of the ecosystem on WallaWalla Island is A. 100 deer B. 80 deer C. 60 deer D. 20 deer

Which population is the predator? A. population A B. population B C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

This pyramid is based on the number of individuals in a given ecosystem. Which of these best describes the ecosystem represented by the pyramid? a freshwater pond B. an open prairie field C. an oak tree D. a backyard garden

A poor corn harvest in which of these countries would have the greatest affect on world corn prices? A. Brazil B. China C. Argentina D. South Africa

Which of the graphs below represents exponential population growth?

Which of these best describes the data shown on the graph? A. Most people use natural gas to heat their homes in the winter. B. Most people use natural gas to cool their homes in the summer. C. More natural gas is used in the summer than in the winter. D. Natural gas consumption increases during warm months.