Classification of Living Things

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Presentation transcript:

Classification of Living Things Learning About The Kingdoms Of Life

What is Classification? The organization of objects using characteristics & attributes

Biological Classification Systems that name & organize living things in a meaningful way AKA taxonomy

History Aristotle 400 BC Not a good system. Why????? Used 2 categories and subdivided according to how they moved Plants Air, land, water Animals Not a good system. Why????? Used for 2000 years

History 1600’s began to classify according to similarities in form (structure) 1700’s Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) Created system used today Used system to ID all known plants & animals of his time Developed a systematic naming process Simple, logical, easy

Old Naming System (pre-Linnaeus) Confusing Had up to 12 names Names for same animal/plant different in different countries & books

Modern System (post-Linnaeus) 2 functions 1 groups organisms according to basic characteristics 2 gives unique name to each organism Ranges from general (Kingdom) to specific (Species) Based on evolutionary relationships To be in same species, must be capable of interbreeding & produce fertile young EX: horse + donkey = mule (not fertile) EX: lion + tiger = liger/tigon (not fertile)

Think of it like this… Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Binomial Nomenclature- 2 name naming system Bi two Nom name Clature system Uses Genus & species EX: Homo sapiens AKA modern man

HOMEWORK Come up with a new mnemonic device to help remember the classification system Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Make a picture to go with your saying Be creative  Due Monday

The Five Kingdoms

Monerans Single celled (unicellular) Microscopic Nucleus does not have a membrane Lacks cell structures Absorbs food 10,000+ known species EX: blue-green algae, bacteria

Protists Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus has a membrane Sometimes found in chains or colonies Has cell structures 250,000+ known species Absorbs, ingests or photosynthesizes food EX: diatoms, amoeba, paramecium, euglena, flagellates, other protozoans

Fungi Multicellular Specialized cells & structures Absorbs food 100,000+ known species EX: mushrooms, yeast, mildew, mold

Plants Multicellular Photosynthesizes food Specialized cells and structures Rigid cell walls for support 250,000+ known species EX: trees, mosses, flowering plants, ferns

Animals Multicellular Specialized cells & structures, including tissues, organs, organ systems Own form of locomotion Heterotrophs No rigid cell walls 1,000,000+ known species

Animal Phyla Chordates Vertebrates Invertebrates Have rigid backbone and skeletal system for support Located inside body Invertebrates No rigid backbone or skeleton Some have external support called exoskeleton Exo- outside skeleton- support EX: insects, spiders

Vertebrate Classes

Invertebrate Classes

Terms to Know Autotrophs make own food Heterotrophs get food from another source Photosynthesis using the sun’s energy to make own food Prokaryotic nucleus not enclosed; DNA flows freely in cell Eukaryotic has an enclosed nucleus (where DNA is stored) Locomotion means of movement; transportation

Terms to Know Sessile non- moving; stationary Motile mobile; ability to move Taxonomy another word for classification Nucleus cell structure that contains DNA for reproduction; enclosed with a membrane