6/2 Aim: What do you need to know for the final? Do Now: Write 2 multiple choice questions with 4 possible answers that may be on exam next week

Mountain that run along the Pacific Coast

Sierra Nevada

Mountains farthest east near Atlantic Coast

Appalachian Mountains

Land surrounded by water on 3 sides

peninsula

Land that blocked settlement west

Rocky Mountains

- Holy wars between Christians and Muslims over the city of Jerusalem - one of the causes of the age of exploration (inspired Europeans to learn again…)

crusades

Early theory about how people arrived in North America during the Ice Age over the Bering sea

Land Bridge Theory

Seafaring people from Scandinavia believed to have reached the Americas before Columbus

Vikings

People who spread religion

missionaries

3 main reasons for exploration

God, gold and glory

Main reason Columbus explored “new world”

Sought all water route to Asia for spice trade

Exchange of foods, plants, animals and diseases after exploration

Columbian Exchange

Main reason people “settled” in the new world

Fertile land, more opportunities, better life

- 1 st act of democracy in the Americas - Agreement of 41 men on how to govern the Plymouth Colony

Mayflower Compact

People that worked in America for 5 – 7 yrs to pay people back for their help paying for their voyage to America

Indentured Servants

Colonies with small farms and fishing villages

New England Colonies

Colonies nicknamed “the breadbasket” colonies

Middle colonies

Colonies that focused on large plantations for its economy

Southern colonies

Founder of Georgia

James Ogelthorpe

Founded Rhode Island and kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Roger Williams

Banished from the Mass. Bay Colony for criticizing the church and saying god spoke directly to her

Anne Hutchinson

War between Britain and France over the Ohio River Valley

French and Indian War

First plan to unite 13 colonies that failed…..by Benjamin Franklin

Albany Plan of Union

Treaty that ended the French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Reasons for heavy taxation of colonists

Debt from French and Indian War

Economic policy where colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country Raw materials sent to mother country in exchange for manufactured goods

mercantilism

British law-making body

Parliament

Main Argument of colonists

No taxation without representation

Colonists who supported independence from Britain

Patriots

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution

Loyalists

Another name for British soldiers during the American Revolution

Redcoats

As a result of the victory at ______________, France and Spain helped the colonists during the American Revolution.

Battle of Saratoga

Restricted trade among the colonists – they could only trade with England – England main market of goods

Navigation Acts

List of complaints against King George III and justified reasons for independence

Declaration of Independence

Led to Intolerable Acts or Coercive Acts – Boston harbor was closed etc.

Boston Tea Party

First constitution

Articles of Confederation

Showed weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Shay’s Rebellion

Major weakness of the Articles of Confederation

States had more power than national government – weak central government

Showed strength of national government

Whiskey Rebellion

Federal and state governments “share” power - all powers not given to the federal government are “reserved” to the states

Federalism

All powers given to our government NOT STATED in the constitution

Implied Powers (unwritten constitution)

Executive, Legislative and Judicial

Separation of Powers

When the Supreme Court declares laws constitutional or not

Judicial Review

Name of supreme court case that supported Judicial Review

Marbury vs. Madison

Judicial Review is an example of……

Checks and balances

Wrote Neutrality Proclamation

George Washington

- Expelled foreigners from country - forbid Americans from criticizing the government

Alien and Sedition Acts (John Adams)

Purchased the Louisiana Territory and sent Louis and Clark to explore it….

Thomas Jefferson

Kidnapping of American sailors and forcing them to work on their ships

Impressment

Stopped trade with all nations

Embargo Act

Stopped trade with only Britain and France

Non-intercourse Act

A threat to all European powers to stay out of the western hemisphere or else…..

Monroe Doctrine

Period of strong nationalism and unity for nation after War of 1812 (second war for independence)

Era of Good Feeling

President of the “common man”

Andrew Jackson

Firing government workers and replacing them with your supporters

Spoils system

Canceling a law

Nullification or nullify

a “city” area

Urban area

A “country” area (outside a city)

Rural area

to break away from a country

secede

- Artificial waterway that connected the Great Lakes to NYC - lowered price of goods and main reason for the development of NYC

Erie Canal

-Belief that the US had a right to all the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean - The US had a right to all of North America

Manifest Destiny

Tax on imports

tariff

Reason people opposed annexing Texas

Texans used slave labor

What did the US buy after buying the Louisiana Territory?

Florida from Spain

Reason “Remember the Alamo” was an important saying….

It motivated Texans to fight hard for Texas independence

Belief that the US had a godly right to all the land from the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean

Nickname for people participating in the California Gold Rush

49er’s

Admitted Maine into country as a free state and Missouri as a slave state

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Admitted California as a free state

Compromise of 1850

Repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820

Kansas Nebraska Act

- Supreme Court Case that allowed slavery in ALL territories - repealed Missouri Compromise and legalized Fugitive Slave Law

Dred Scott case

- Gave people the right to vote to decide if they would be a slave or free territory - supported in the Compromise of 1850 and Kansas Nebraska Act

Popular sovereignty

People who wanted slavery to end…. Ex. Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglas and John Brown

Abolitionists

- Network of abolitionist homes that helped runaway slaves reach the North and Canada - led by Harriet Tubman

Underground Railroad

Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe

- Freed all slaves in the rebelling states (Confederacy) in 1863) - changed goal of Union during the civil war to end slavery

Emancipation Proclamation

Restricted African American freedoms during Reconstruction

Black Codes

Abolished slavery in the U.S.

13 th Amendment

Gave equality to all in the U.S.

14 th Amendment

Gave all men the right to vote

15 th Amendment

Stopped African American from gaining rights under the 15 th Amendment

Literacy tests, poll taxes and Grandfather Clause

Set up laws in the South that supported segregation (separating races)

Jim Crow Laws

Group of people that conflicted with President Johnson and believed in immediate equality of races as well as punishing the former Confederate states after the Civil War

Radical Republicans