Foundations of the Constitution. In the beginning… 1750s-Great Britain was in debt and searching for new revenue. 1750s-Great Britain was in debt and.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Government Chapter 2 Origins of American Government
Advertisements

Objective 11; Examine the natural rights philosophy and the nature of government expressed in the Declaration of Independence, comparing it to the Social.
Chapter 5-Creating a Constitution
V) The Constitutional Convention
Convention & Compromise
Unit2, Section 1. Convention was a meeting to make changes to the Articles of Confederation Held in Philadelphia “for the sole and express purpose of.
The Constitutional Convention Philadelphia: May-September Delegates.
The Constitutional Convention
Roots of American Government The Magna Carta 1215 The English people forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, which is the first time that a King.
The Constitutional Convention. Who, What, Where, When, and Why? O When: May 25, 1787 O Where: Independence Hall – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania O What Purpose:
The Constitutional Convention. The Nationalists Nationalists were those Americans who supported the idea of strengthening the central government They.
Creating the Constitution. In this section you will learn how state delegates attempted to solve the problems of the Articles of Confederation.
Basic Concepts of Democracy
Chapter 2 Foundations of Government
“A New Constitution” 5.2 Chapter 5 Section 2.
America was in debt from the war 1.Loans from France and the Netherlands taken during the war helped put America in debt 2.Congress had printed off large.
War and transition to a new government for the colonies.
Lesson 8.1 constitution Suffrage Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Articles of Confederation Where ideas for American government came from Land Ordinance of.
The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Chapter 5 Sections
The Constitution of the United States We the People of the United States.
Unit 2: The Constitution of the U.S. (1781 – 1791) Our Democratic Foundations and Constitutional Principles.
CREATING THE CONSTITUTION. English Influences Magna Carta (1215) Petition of Right (1628) English Bill of Rights (1689)
Chapter 2 Section 2 Notes. After the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the colonies were now independent. Based on the words of Locke, the colonies.
What ARE some influences on the American form of government? Ancient Greece  democracy Rome  a code of laws Enlightenment  philosophers England  most.
THE CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTION ( ) Chapter 9.
September 11, 2014 Objectives: To develop a better understanding of the foundations of American Government.
September 15, 2014 Articles of Confederation Objective: To develop an understanding of the Articles of Confederation Objective: To develop an understanding.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Many of the leaders of the Revolution believed that a stronger national government was need. The first meeting was held in.
6:3 I. Towards a New Government. Disputes between the states Causes: 1. suspicion & rivalry 2. postwar depression 3. weak central government Effects:
Foundations of the Constitution. In the beginning… 1750s-Great Britain was in debt and searching for new revenue. 1750s-Great Britain was in debt and.
The New Republic Begins. A. Terms A document that sets out the laws and principles of a government A document that sets out the laws and principles of.
Constitutional Convention Philadelphia May 25 th, 1787.
How the Constitution Was Written A Story. Not everyone had the right to vote Factions divided the country Elite men believed they had the right moral.
Foundations of American Government The Articles of Confederation.
Original Documents of American Government Today’s major standard: E – Analyze the principles and ideals that shape the United States and compare.
The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.
Ch. 2- The Constitution. What is Government? Government- institution by which a society makes & enforces its public policy Public Policy- actions the.
Why the big Break UP? England believed that parliament represented the colonists. The colonists believed they were represented by their own representatives.
September 23, 2015 Objectives: To develop a better understanding of the foundations of American Government.
The Constitutional Convention Copy the following notes.
The Constitutional Convention was held between May and September, ________. It included _______ delegates from all states except ___________. They were.
Moving Towards Statehood Chapter 4 Section 3. Government and Trade England thought Parliament represented all citizens Colonists thought they were represented.
Chapter 2 1. The _____________, that King John was forced to sign in ______, provided the basis for the principle of limited government.
#2 –What role did compromise play at theConstitutional Convention?”
Forging A New Constitution. Basic Government Structure Under Articles of Confederation  Only had a Congress (chose a leader they called the President,
Objectives: Identify the Framers of the Constitution and discuss how they organized the Philadelphia Convention Compare and Contrast the Virginia Plan.
Essential Question What are the key ideas in the U.S. Constitution? What are the key ideas in the U.S. Constitution?
The Constitutional Convention Weaknesses of the Confederation Congress worried many American leaders that the US would not survive without a strong central.
What next??? Even before independence was declared, the 2 nd Continental Congress realized they would need to unite the colonies together under one.
Foundations of American Government Colonies to Constitution.
The Constitutional Convention Creating the Constitution.
The Constitution. Articles of Confederation Need for a central government Need for a central government Adopted in November 1777 Adopted in November 1777.
A LOOSE CONFEDERATION.  Constitution: a document that sets out the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a government  2 reasons:  Spelled.
Unit 2: Basic Concepts of Government By: Mr. Thomas Parsons.
The Constitutional Convention. Constitutional Convention and Ratification, 1787–1789 The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met between May and.
The American Revolution is over…but now the colonists have to decide how they want to frame their government. Take the first 5 minutes of class and imagine.
Describe the political system of the US based on the Constitution of the US.
  What is the importance of September 17 in the history of the United States? Do Now.
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT Chapter 2: Origins of American Government.
WRITING THE CONSTITUTION The Virginia Plan and The New Jersey Plan.
3.2 The Constitutional Convention Civics and Economics.
Origins of American Government
Origins of the Constitution September 22, 2017
Articles of Confederation
The Constitution (A Brief History)
The Road to the Constitution
The Articles of Confederation
Magruder’s American Government
Roots of American Government
The Articles of Confederation and the Constitutional Convention
Presentation transcript:

Foundations of the Constitution

In the beginning… 1750s-Great Britain was in debt and searching for new revenue. 1750s-Great Britain was in debt and searching for new revenue. The colonies paid little in taxes and had just been defended by the British during the French and Indian War The colonies paid little in taxes and had just been defended by the British during the French and Indian War The colonies, however, had lived under self rule for over 100 years and were not willing to give that up. The colonies, however, had lived under self rule for over 100 years and were not willing to give that up.

Formation of the first governments of the 13 colonies Highly Influenced by: – –English Law – –English Tradition – –English Religion (mix of Protestantism and Catholicism) What ideas influenced the first colonial governments? – –Hebrews-   (Ten Commandments) – laws based on morals – –Greeks-   (direct democracy) – everyone participated directly (smaller society) – –Romans-   (Classical republic) – elect people to represent you. People practice “civic virtue”. Promotion of the common good. Moral education.

Mayflower Compact Written and signed by 41 Pilgrims in The first example at self-government.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Written by former Massachusetts Bay Colonist Puritans in Americans first formal constitution. Allowed citizens to elect officials to make laws.

The Virginia House of Burgesses First legislature in America. Established in The ideals and origins established here would later factor into the writing of the Constitution.

Britain Tightens Control For more than 150 years Britain practiced salutary neglect toward the colonies. What changed? – –Seven Years War (a.k.a. The French and Indian War) – –George III became king in 1760.

There’s a War to pay for!!! 1765 Stamp Act First direct Act. Repealed in 1766, but…

The Coercive Acts or The Intolerable Acts All Acts were directed at reminding the colonists of who was in control – Britain.

United in Brotherhood We Will Not Comply Colonists take another look at Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union, which he offered during the French and Indian War Stamp Act Congress 1773 Committees of Correspondence.

First Continental Congress September 5, 1774 in Philadelphia. All colonies present except Georgia. 56 men wrote and sent a letter of grievances and resolves to King George III (The Olive Branch Petition.) Meet back the next year. Before meeting answer came on April 19, 1775.

Second Continental Congress May 1775 in Philadelphia 56 men from all 13 colonies. Chose John Hancock as president of Congress. Richard Henry Lee would propose resolutions for independence. Committee was appointed to write.

The Declaration of Independence. Committee: – –Thomas Jefferson (VA) * – –Benjamin Franklin (PA) + – –John Adams (MA) + – –Roger Sherman (CT) – –Robert Livingston (NY)   * Selected to write the document. + Offered suggestions.

Approved on July 2, Began signing on July 4, – –John Dunlap, GPO, prints numerous broadsides. All had signed by August 4, 1776.

Articles of Confederation First functioning Government Ratified in 1781 – –While Revolution is in progress Most real power with the States Binding was a ‘rope of sand’ Lots of quarrelling between the states Just one Congress – –Unicameral (one house) – –each State had 1 representative – –it took 9/13 States to pass a law – –it took 13/13 States to approve a treaty or amend the Articles – –No executive or judicial branch – –Could pass laws, make treaties, declare war & pace, borrow money, and create a postal system

Articles of Confederation has Problems

Weaknesses of the A of C Congress couldn't require States to obey national laws (no Judicial branch) The central government has little power over foreign trade The Confederation has no effective military force Each state issues its own coins and paper money The Confederation must ask states for money to support the federal Government Changes in the Articles require a unanimous vote of the thirteen, makes it impossible to change the constitution At least nine states are required to decide major issues

We NEED a stronger Government!!! “Shay’s Rebellion” scares a lot of people – A Small Rebellion of Massachusetts farmers Can’t decide what to do with the Northwest Territory Have a ‘Constitutional Convention’ meet in Philadelphia, to rework the Articles – –Philadelphia in May 1787 End up creating a new Constitution

Constitutional Convention 55 delegates from 12 states meet ‘for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation’ – –“the well-bred, the well-fed, the well-read, and the well-wed” – –Average age is 42, 2/3 lawyers, 1/3 owned slaves No Rhode Island, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Sam Adams, John Hancock, or Patrick Henry! Father of the Constitution – –James Madison of Virginia – –Spoke over 200 times – –Took extensive notes

Shay’s Rebellion-America’s first Civil War After war, American’s buying up luxury goods on credit. British began demanding money back, British leaned on importers, who leaned on shopkeepers, who leaned on farmers (most of whom were veterans of the Revolution) who had no money. After war, American’s buying up luxury goods on credit. British began demanding money back, British leaned on importers, who leaned on shopkeepers, who leaned on farmers (most of whom were veterans of the Revolution) who had no money. Farmers that lacked money, were put in debtors prison, sometimes for life. Farmers that lacked money, were put in debtors prison, sometimes for life. In Massachusetts, the state government raised taxes to pay off war debt (but where would money come from?) In Massachusetts, the state government raised taxes to pay off war debt (but where would money come from?) Farmers were hardest hit, so they banned together and rebelled, closing courthouses and burning records of debt. As the rebellion grew, the people looked to national government, which could do nothing because of Articles Farmers were hardest hit, so they banned together and rebelled, closing courthouses and burning records of debt. As the rebellion grew, the people looked to national government, which could do nothing because of Articles

Constitutional Conflict!!! Virginia Plan – –Strong national government – –Three branches of government   (legislative, executive, judicial) – –Two houses of congress, based on population – –Big states like it!   VA, Penn, NC, Mass, NY, MD JUST before was voted on, NJ introduced a new plan New Jersey Plan – –Three branches (same three) – –ONE house – equal representation – –Two executives The delegates are upset! Lots of ideas Decided to throw out the old Constitution what to do now?

Decisions and Compromises

The Virginia Plan Introduced by Edmund Randolph. Governmental Plan – –Strong bicameral legislature.   Lower house chosen by the people.   Upper house chosen by the lower. – –Strong national executive chosen by legislature. – –National judiciary appointed by legislature. – –Problem: Larger populated states would control.

The New Jersey Plan Introduced by William Paterson. Governmental Plan: – –Keep main provisions of Articles of Confederation. – –Unicameral legislature, one vote for each state. – –Strengthen Congress by giving it certain powers. – –Weak executive branch would be chosen by Congress. – –National judiciary with limited power chosen by Congress.

The Two Compromises The Connecticut Compromise. – –Introduced by Roger Sherman. – –Governmental Plan – –Legislature be bicameral   House of Representatives based on state population.   Senate with two members from each state. The Three-Fifths Compromise. – –South heavily populated with slaves. – –3/5 of them would be counted for tax purposes and representation. – –Also agreed Congress would not ban slave trade until 1808.

Constitutional Compromise Connecticut Compromise – –Roger Sherman of Conn presents the compromise – –House of Reps is based on population – –Senate has two representatives per state (equal representation) – –“Upon what principal shall the states be computed in representation?” Gouverneur Morris Issues of North v. South – –South wanted slaves to be counted in population – –Elbridge Gerry (Mass) said “Blacks are property and are used to the southward as horses and cattle to the northward” If you want slaves to count “make them citizens and let them vote.”

Declaration of Independence Parts: – –Statement of Purpose – –Specific complaints against Britain. – –Determination of Separation.

Revolution The Declaration of Independence was based on the idea that government was a social contract between the people and WE have a right to break it when OUR natural rights are violated. The Declaration of Independence was based on the idea that government was a social contract between the people and WE have a right to break it when OUR natural rights are violated. “The foundation of our Empire was not laid in the gloomy age of Ignorance and Suspicions, but at an Epoch when the rights of mankind were better understood and more clearly define, than at any former period.”-George Washington “The foundation of our Empire was not laid in the gloomy age of Ignorance and Suspicions, but at an Epoch when the rights of mankind were better understood and more clearly define, than at any former period.”-George Washington

Articles of Confederation Adopted in 1781, the Articles was the first government of the new United States. Adopted in 1781, the Articles was the first government of the new United States. –The Articles of Confederation was designed around the idea of a confederation (a loose collection of states) where the states retained the power and the national government had only specific and limited powers. –The Articles was a league of friendship and an attempt to prevent the same government the Americans rebelled from.

Articles of Confederation Weakness of Articles: Weakness of Articles: 1. No executive branch 2. Central government could not collect taxes (and states didn’t have to pay them) 3. No federal judiciary to settle interstate disputes 4. Unanimous consent of states to pass amendments 5. 1 state-1 vote 6. No regulation of interstate or foreign commerce

Other post-Revolution issues British refused to leave forts in the north British refused to leave forts in the north Indians being supplied by British to raid the frontier Indians being supplied by British to raid the frontier Barbary pirates raiding American shipping Barbary pirates raiding American shipping America shut out of British West Indies America shut out of British West Indies Huge war debt Huge war debt Conflicting state trade arrangements Conflicting state trade arrangements

Impact of Shay’s rebellion Following rebellion, Washington was quoted as saying, “What a triumph for our enemies to find that we are incapable of governing ourselves.” Following rebellion, Washington was quoted as saying, “What a triumph for our enemies to find that we are incapable of governing ourselves.” And, “Good God! who besides a …Briton predicted them! were these people wiser than others, or did they judge of us from the corruption, and depravity of their own hearts? The latter I am persuaded was the case, and that notwithstanding the boasted virtue of America, we are far gone in every thing ignoble and bad.” And, “Good God! who besides a …Briton predicted them! were these people wiser than others, or did they judge of us from the corruption, and depravity of their own hearts? The latter I am persuaded was the case, and that notwithstanding the boasted virtue of America, we are far gone in every thing ignoble and bad.” Calls for a convention to revise the Articles went out, and on May 25, 1787 delegates began working on the Constitution. Calls for a convention to revise the Articles went out, and on May 25, 1787 delegates began working on the Constitution. By the way, Shay fled to Vermont, pardoned in 1788, received his promised $20 a month pension by 1820 and died in By the way, Shay fled to Vermont, pardoned in 1788, received his promised $20 a month pension by 1820 and died in 1825.

Food for Thought Washington also said of the Revolution– “At this auspicious period, the United States came into existence as a Nation, and if their Citizens should not be completely free and happy, the fault will be entirely their own.” Washington also said of the Revolution– “At this auspicious period, the United States came into existence as a Nation, and if their Citizens should not be completely free and happy, the fault will be entirely their own.”