New England Society Labor Society Family Church Education Salem Witch Trial

The 13 Colonies

Sources of Labor Plenty of land, not enough labor Family: economic unit, division of labor, –C–C–C–Children owed father their labor Apprenticeship: boy of 12 learned a trade –L–L–L–Lived with a worker for 4-5 years. Indentured Servitude: 5-7 years work in –E–E–E–Exchange for transportation costs. Slavery: chattel slavery, from Africa. –F–F–F–From 1660s in the South.

New England Society Yeoman farmers: no paupers, no nobles Yeoman farmers: no paupers, no nobles Sumptuary laws: modesty Sumptuary laws: modesty Wealthy Families: leadership, the “elect” Wealthy Families: leadership, the “elect” –Responsibility: Winthorps, Mathers, High degree of social mobility High degree of social mobility Community- their mission was to create Community- their mission was to create –A pure society based on their religion. –Social Harmony vital.

1680 Massachusetts House

Town Hall, Boston

New England Family Patriarchal: Father head of family Patriarchal: Father head of family Family unit ordained by God. Family unit ordained by God. Wife had vital role: educated children, Wife had vital role: educated children, –Run house, improve family, lots of work –Big role in church, 8 children average No arranged marriages: dowry No arranged marriages: dowry Divorce impossible; remarriage fast Divorce impossible; remarriage fast Family networks stayed together Family networks stayed together

Church Early Days: membership only for “Elect” or Early Days: membership only for “Elect” or –“visible Saints,” must testify proof of grace Church Members: vote for ministers, vote Church Members: vote for ministers, vote –For new members, church decisions Political: only church members could vote, Political: only church members could vote, –Or hold office By 1650s membership dropped off By 1650s membership dropped off Half-Way covenant: allowed baptism for Half-Way covenant: allowed baptism for –Non “visible saints,” the vote only for full members

Increase Mather

Education Family taught child the Bible Family taught child the Bible Very high degree of literacy Very high degree of literacy 1647: law for town to provide schools 1647: law for town to provide schools Printing press Printing press 1638: Harvard College, mostly to train 1638: Harvard College, mostly to train –Ministers, very demanding curriculum. –Yale 1702

Salem Witch Trial (1691) Samuel Paris: daughter, niece, slave girl Samuel Paris: daughter, niece, slave girl By 1692: Increase Mather ended trial By 1692: Increase Mather ended trial 19 hanged and 150 in jail. 19 hanged and 150 in jail. Why: sexual repression, patriarchy, Why: sexual repression, patriarchy, –Jelousy of prosperous neighbors? –Read pages 90-94

Salem Witch Trial 1692