Eric Lin, Cody Lu Natalie Qin, Silvia Shi OZONE DEPLETION Eric Lin, Cody Lu Natalie Qin, Silvia Shi

The ozone layer is essential to organisms because it protects them from harmful effects of the sun. A major issue for our planet is the depletion of the ozone layer. Q. What is ozone depletion and how is it affecting our ecosystem? 

Ozone is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms. WHAT IS OZONE? Ozone is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms. There are only 3 molecules of ozone for every ten million molecules of air. WHAT IS THE OZONE LAYER? The ozone layer is a deep layer of invisible gas in the stratosphere, encircling the Earth, that has large amounts of ozone in it.

The Hole in the Ozone Layer This diagram shows what the ozone layer does, it prevents UV rays from travelling to the surface of the earth. The “hole” in the ozone layer isn’t really a hole, the layer is just thinner. Because the layer is thinner, more UV rays arrive at earth. http://www.sopf.org/Fear_OzoneDepletion.aspx

Ozone layer… here -> Where is the Ozone layer? Your Text Here

WHAT IS OZONE DEPLETION? Due to human activity, the ozone layer is getting weaker, causing a “hole” to appear and ultraviolet rays to enter into the Earth. It is actually not a hole, but a very thin layer with low quantities of ozone. Scientists discovered the hole in 1985.

Span of Ozone Depletion http://www.kennuncorked.com/sustainable_history.html The Dobson Unit is the most common unit for measuring ozone concentration 100 Dobson units – Least Amount of Ozone 500 Dobson units – Most Amount

http://www. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www. elmhurst http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/oOzonesize.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/ozone.html&usg=__ozH07Evd5bHVaGshY5OnhaA2fMw=&h=242&w=426&sz=12&hl=en&start=11&zoom=1&tbnid=shZPAYqiRTgzjM:&tbnh=72&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dozone%2Bdepletion%2Bgraph%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D610%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1

The Ozone Hole Over Antarctica in 2006 The Ozone Hole Over Antarctica http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=45802 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thewe.cc/thewei/%26_/images7/environment/ozone_hole_september_24_2006.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.thewe.cc/weplanet/poles/antarcti/ozone.html&usg=_ _OXuHBDHPbV4Q0mGIe1q6p1G0S08=&h=716&w=716&sz=234&hl=en&start=1&zoom=1&tbnid=K95lQPhpoYcWcM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3D2006%2Bozone%2Bhole%26um%3D1%26hl %3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D941%26bih%3D610%26output%3Dimages_json%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1 The Ozone Hole Over Antarctica in 2006 The Ozone Hole Over Antarctica in 2010

WHAT ARE ULTRAVIOLET (UV) RAYS? U.V. rays are the most common and harmful rays that come to Earth from the sun. WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW WHAT THEY ARE? They are an important effect of ozone depletion that has a variety of problems for living organisms associated with it.

CAUSE OF OZONE DEPLETION Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) - a chemical used to make refrigerators, home insulation, plastic foam, and throwaway food containers. Discovered in the 1930s by scientist Thomas Midgley. Non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-reactive with other chemical compounds. Made up of chlorine, fluoride, and carbon.

Percentages of CFC This is a pie chart that shows the percentages of sources of CFC Most of the CFC in the atmosphere is human made (82%) The natural sources are more damaging http://ozone-chemistry.blogspot.com/

CFCs Causing Ozone Depletion Plastic Foam Solvents Aerosol Cans Refrigerators http://www.ozone-hole.org.uk/05.php

The Destruction of Ozone CFCs are transported to the stratosphere It is broken down by ultraviolet rays Releases chlorine, which then becomes part of the process that destroys ozone The ozone molecule is replaced by oxygen molecules The chlorine can deplete the ozone up to 100,000 times faster than unabated depletion

Ozone-Oxygen Cycle Free radicals, like chlorine , act as catalysts to the decomposition step (breaking down ozone) These catalysts speed up the reaction.

Stratospheric Ozone and Chlorine http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232420/Image7.jpg&imgrefurl=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073048763/student_view0/chapter2/study_quiz_1.html&usg=__uXQhO3gOYMfr8YFtRVeKHEi7DX4=& Stratospheric Ozone and Chlorine

EFFECTS OF OZONE DEPLETION DISEASES - UV rays are the most common and harmful rays that come to Earth from the sun. ~ Causes skin cancer and kills the environment ~EPA estimates, by 2075, 60 million people will get skin cancer, 10 million of that population is expected to die. LIFE CYCLES (Introduction) - Disrupts flow of food chain because of decreased reproduction. -Simple organisms could be wiped out resulting in biological disruptions for some species above them.

100 out of 200 plants are sensitive to ozone depletion. (50%) PLANT LIFE 100 out of 200 plants are sensitive to ozone depletion. (50%) If food chains are disrupted, consumers won’t have anything to feed on. OCEAN LIFE Plankton would be affected (they won’t be able to survive) Fish wouldn’t have the nutrients they need. The fish will die out, and the secondary consumers won’t have anything to feed on and they will eventually die out as well.

SOLUTIONS THAT ADDRESS OZONE DEPLETION Don’t use the air conditioner or use it less often. Open up windows. Don’t open the refrigerator for too long. Get only what you need, don’t linger. Refrain from using aerosol cans. You can use paper towels to wipe off the dust. Fire extinguishers are essential, but to prevent using it, you can try to prevent fires from occurring. Don’t use hairsprays.

Montreal Protocol 1987 an international agreement to discontinue products with harmful chemicals affecting the ozone layer and instead replace them for an ozone friendly brand. Twenty-Four Nations

Predictions of Chlorine in Stratosphere These are the prediction of chlorine in the stratosphere according to each nations agreement. Without any protocol, the chlorine would have increased so massively by 2050. It would decrease the most with the Montreal protocol of 1997 http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/1998/faq11.html

GOOD NEWS The ozone layer should recover in fifty years if there are no further harmful effects.

Citations Antarctic Ozone Hole. (n.d.). Cool Antarctica, pictures of Antarctica, information and travel guide. Retrieved October 15, 2010, from http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/science/ozone_hole.htm Bora, C. (n.d.). Ozone Layer Depletion: Effects and Causes of Ozone Depletion. Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. Retrieved October 13, 2010, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ozone-layer-depletion-effects-and-causes-of-ozone-depletion.html How Ozone Depletion will Affect Global Plant Life - Ozone Depletion (UK). (n.d.). Expert Advice on Protecting the Ozone Layer at Ozone Depletion (UK). Retrieved October 14, 2010, from http://www.ozonedepletion.co.uk/how-ozone-depletion-will-affect-global-plant-life.html Media Hell - Stop Ozone Depletion. (n.d.). Media Hell - Home. Retrieved October 16, 2010, from http://www.mediahell.org/what12.htm Ozone Depletion - Effects. (n.d.). Oracle ThinkQuest Library . Retrieved October 14, 2010, from http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/ozone_depletion_-_effects.html Ozone Depletion Economic Module | Case Study for the 4th Year Course in Ecosystem Health at UWO. (n.d.). Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry. Retrieved October 14, 2010, from http://www.schulich.uwo.ca/ecosystemhealth/education/casestudies/ozoneecon.htm Ozone Hole Watch: What is a Dobson Unit? . (n.d.). Ozone Hole Watch . Retrieved October 13, 2010, from http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/dobson.html Ozone Layer Depletion Retrieved on October 19, 2010 http://ozone-chemistry.blogspot.com/ Prevention Against Ozone Layer Depletion | Scienceray. (n.d.). Scienceray | All That is Science, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics. Retrieved October 16, 2010, from http://scienceray.com/philosophy-of-science/prevention-against-ozone-layer-depletion/ Save Our Planet Foundation - Deforestation - Ozone Depletion Retrieved on October 19, 2010 http://www.sopf.org/Fear_OzoneDepletion.aspx Science - Ozone Basics. (n.d.). NOAA Stratospheric Ozone Webpage. Retrieved October 15, 2010, from http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1998 Retrieved October 19, 2010 from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/1998/faq11.htm The Ozone Hole Tour : Part I. The History of the Ozone Hole.. (n.d.). Centre for Atmospheric Science. Retrieved October 15, 2010, from http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part1.html