French and Indian War Map on page 146 1. 3 European Countries that owned land England, France, Spain 2. England 13 Colonies, Part of Canada Spain Florida, Southwest US, Mexico, Central and South America, Caribbean Islands France Midwest (Louisiana), Parts of Canada, Caribbean Islands Called New France 3. Yellow land with pink stripes=disputed area between England and France 4. Located past Appal. Mts. to Mississippi River/ borders the 13 Colonies 5. disputed land/ close borders/ want for more land

French and Indian War Map page 146 1. England and Spain 2. England All of Canada, 13 Colonies, Land from the Appal. Mts. WEST to the Mississippi, Florida Spain West of Mississippi (Louisiana), Mexico, C/S America 3. France 4. Lost the French and Indian War 5. England and Spain England gained all of Canada and land from Appal. Mts WEST to the Mississippi River and Florida Spain gained Midwest of US 6. Winners of war???? What about Spain??? Spain gained land but lost Florida???? 7. England

French and Indian War P. 143-144 1. Where did France claim land? Ohio River Valley, the Mississippi River valley (Louisiana), and the Great Lake region=New France 2. Colonized for furs and to convert Native Americans to Christianity 3. fur trade 4. Europeans and Native Americans 5. Wars in Europe effected the colonists in the New World 6. Native Americans 7. Pennsylvania fur traders/ Virginia land companies=colonists wanted westward land 8. As English colonists moved west into the Ohio River Valley, the French became concerned about losing control of the rivers that connected their Canadian and Louisiana settlements=TENSION

Check your Answers for—Map/Chart Questions Bellringer 10/24/13—Get out of your notebook the French and Indian War worksheet from yesterday’s class. Check and/or write in the answers to the last section on the back of the paper. **Put your Chapter 5 packet on your desk if you have NOT already turned it in. Check your Answers for—Map/Chart Questions #1 British Allies-Iroquois Confederacy &13 Colonies Leaders: Braddock (1754-1757), Wolfe (1757-1763), William Pitt (Prime Minister) #2 French Allies---Algonquins, Hurons, Abenaki, Lenni Lenape, Colonists of New France, Largest % of Indians fought for the French, Spain, Leader: Montcalm (1754-1763) #3 French were winning in the beginning of the war #4 British will start to win battles after 1758 #5 Most battles fought in Canada, New York, frontiers of PA, and the Great Lakes

Causes of the War 1. Previous wars between England and France in Europe and North America led to an uneasy peace. 3 in 75 years 2. Disputed land - England’s desire to move westward (into French areas of the Ohio River Valley). Past the Appalachian Mountains 3. Competition over the fur trade and fishing grounds 4. Both sides built forts in the Ohio River Valley Land claims (who owns??) Proximity of forts (close together)

Braddock’s Defeat 1755 Edward Braddock and 2,100 British troops march to French Fort Duquesne Washington was on this march March was slow—mountains, too much baggage, dragging cannon July 9 French and Indians surprise attacked the British troops. Braddock is killed British NOT used to guerilla warfare (use to formal line/row fighting) British lose/French win during the first 2 years of war

Quebec Falls 1757 William Pitt becomes secretary of state and then Prime Minister Sent better generals and more money British capture 6 French forts by 1759 Captured Fort Duquesne becomes known as Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) British lay siege to Quebec (on steep cliff) British find a path up the cliff, surprise attack the French Both the French (Montcalm) and the British leader (Wolfe) were killed in the battle Montreal falls 1 year later, and all of Canada was controlled by the British

Treaty of Paris Britain and France will continue fighting for 3 more years in other parts of the world 1761 Spain enters as France’s ally 1763 war ends and Treaty of Paris was signed France loses all land in North America England gains more land in their colonial empire See map page 146

Pontiac’s Rebellion British will take over all French forts in North America Colonists moved into Native American land beyond the Appalachian Mts. 1763 Native Americans retaliated and attacked settlers and destroying forts west of the Appalachians. Only 3 British forts remained Called Pontiac’s war after Ottawa Chief Pontiac British responded with attacks Lenni Lenape Indians had Fort Pitt under siege—gave Indians small-pox infected blankets 3 years later a peace treaty was signed PROBLEM—how to control Native relations in the new lands won in the French and Indian war

Proclamation of 1763 Made to avoid future problems with Native Americans FORBIDS settlers (colonists) from settling WEST of the Appalachian Mts. See map page 146 Land WEST of the Appalachians to the Mississippi was reserved for Native Americans

New Colonial Identity Colonists were angry about the Proclamation- wanted the land they fought for in the war Anger between colonists and England French and Indian War gave a sense of unity to the colonists (common enemy) Colonial unity grows as colonists’ resentment to England grows Colonial leadership grows Future---conflict with England

Bellringer 10/25/13 1. Pick up a ½ sheet of notebook paper on the shelf. 2. Put your ECONOMIC PICTURES on your desk. 3. Look at the picture and answer the 3 questions. 1.Who do you think this man is? 2.What countries’ uniform is he wearing? 3. Why do some historians consider the French and Indian War/ also called the War for Empire to be the MOST important war in America’s history?

Washington As a surveyor (studies land)---Gov. of Virginia sent Washington to tell the French they were trespassing on English land and demand they leave Result---French refuse to leave As a colonel—sent him back to Ohio with a militia (group of civilians) Militia had instructions to build a fort near present day Pittsburgh French had already built Fort Duquesne Washington built a small fort called Fort Necessity Greatly outnumbered, Washington attacked a French scouting party French surrounded Washington and colonists surrendered Later was released Became famous—4 bullets through my coat  Despite defeat became known as a hero Will be on Braddock’s March

Albany Plan -delegates from New England, NY, PA, MD, NJ, DE met in ALBANY, NY -2 Part Plan -Part #1---seek friendship of Native Americans (Iroquois)---PASSES -Part #2------their goal was to find a way for the colonies to work together to defend against the French

Albany Plan -they adopted a plan made by BENJAMIN FRANKLIN -the plan called for one GOVERNMENT for all of the American colonies -a single elected LEGISLATURE from all the colonies would have the power to: collect taxes, regulate Indian affairs, regulate trade, raise armies, pass laws -delegates in NY adopted this plan

Albany Plan of the Union -all colonial assemblies rejected the plan—they were NOT ready to give up ANY OF THEIR INDIVIDUAL POWERS -Albany Plan FAILED to UNITE THE COLONIES Why Important if it FAILED??? -1st attempt ever to UNITE THE COLONIES -1st step in EVENTUALLY UNITING THE COLONIES -leads to the Revolution and future government

Results of the French and Indian War -Colonists fought and gained military experience -George Washington gained military experience -Colonists felt less dependent on England -French and Indian War leads to the American Revolution -After the war, England in debt---spent lots of money to win and fight the war -Who should pay for this debt? -England feels the colonists should pay, after all they got more LAND!! -England passes a series of acts (TAXES) on the colonists -Colonists get angry--- a conflict begins