Unit 1 The Nature of Biology

Infer Flashcard Warm-up Independent variable Vs. Dependent Variable Independent variable is the one changing factor in an experiment. The dependent variable is the measureable results of the change (IV) Draw a picture or use the word in a sentence. Infer To use evidence and reason/logic to come up with a conclusion Draw a picture or use the word in a sentence for every vocabulary flashcard warm-up.

Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Problem/Purpose- The question the lab will answer, must be testable, identifies variables a. Independent variable – factor the scientist changes from group to group b. Dependent variable – factor the scientist measures to see the effect of the independent variable Variables and Controls Videoclip 2. Research: learn about the problem 3. Hypothesis: educated prediction 4. Procedure: the steps in the experiment to test the hypothesis A. Control - normal conditions or absence of independent variable, used for comparison B. Experimental group(s) have only one changing variable 5. Observations/Data: Don’t use opinion; Use factual descriptions or measurements 6. Analysis/Conclusion: Answers the purpose; accepts or rejects hypothesis

Science is Tentative THEORY: the most logical explanation based on current evidence; becomes stronger as more evidence is gathered LAW: universal generalization that is virtually unchanging; gravity * Scientific knowledge must be shared, which allows other scientists to repeat and verify the work of others.

Good Experiments Begin with Good questions   Does exposure to ultraviolet radiation cause increased risk of skin cancer? �        Good question, but not necessarily easy to answer, though finding correlations may be relatively easy.   Was Lee Harvey Oswald possessed by demons? �        Bad question. Why? Well, first you must start with a definition of demon, and then come up with some objective means of measuring possessed-by-demons-ness.  

“Testing the Greenhouse Effect” Discovery Education Watch the Mythbusters video: Watch for the parts of the scientific method we discussed as you watch the video see if you can identify the following: Independent variable? Dependent variable? Control? Experimental groups? Constants? Good or bad experimental design?

Ticket out the Door 1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific method. 2. A controlled experiment will only have ____ changing variable. 3. Maria tested the effect of different fertilizer on the growth of her grass. Independent variable? Dependent variable? Control?

Control Group Flashcard Warm-up Homeostasis The group of test subjects in an experiment that are either given the “normal” conditions/dose or are not given the independent variable at all. This group is used for comparison. Homeostasis The regulation of internal conditions (such as temperature, oxygen levels, blood sugar levels) that allow an organism to survive.

What is biology? Biology: the study of (-ology) all life (bio) Includes many branches: 1. Microbiology: The study of microorganisms 2. Ecology: The study of living things and their environment 3. Cytology: The study of cells 4. Genetics: The study of heredity 5. Oncology: The study of cancer 6. Botany: The study of plants

Characteristics of Life Organization: All life is made up of cells; all life needs six essential elements (CHNOPS) Organism Organ System Organs Tissues Cells Molecules Atoms / Elements

Characteristics of Life Alive! Videoclip Energy Use :organisms must make energy to construct building blocks in the body Metabolism – all chemical reactions in an organism Examples: Synthesis – to build molecules Break down molecules (nutrition) Transport nutrients Cellular respiration – produce energy

Characteristics of Life 3. Reproduction – making more organisms, for growth or repair; sexual or asexual 4. Growth and Development Growth – to increase in size (# of cells) Development – change in structure and function

5. Respond to Stimuli - A reaction towards or away from a stimulus in the environment; 6. Adjust to Environment Homeostasis - the regulation of an organism’s internal environment Adaptation - an inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables organisms to better survive an environment.

Technology Compound Light Microscope: Ocular Compound Light Microscope: Has two lenses – ocular (eyepiece) and objective to view thin specimens Ocular x Objective = Magnification Electron microscope: Scanning electron microscope: SEM – 3D image Transmission electron microscope: TEM – greatest magnification Objective

Ticket out the door 1. List and describe three characteristics all living things have in common.

Flashcard Warm-up Metabolism STERNGRR is life! All chemical reactions occurring in an organism STERNGRR is life! Write down the life process represented by each letter in STERNGRR

Life Processes: STERNGRR Synthesis – making materials Example: plants make sugar during photosynthesis Transport – moving chemicals from location to location within cell or organism. Example: our circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to all cells in our body Excretion – getting rid of wastes Example: urinating, sweating, exhaling carbon dioxide Respiration – gas exchange AND production of energy (ATP) Example: gas exchange; make energy from sugar

Life Processes (STERNGRR) Nutrition – gaining energy from food source Example: eating food! Growth and Development – getting bigger and/or changing (puberty) Regulation – controlling internal processes Pancreas produces insulin to lower blood sugar levels in blood Reproduction – producing new cells or new organisms

STERNGRR Project Each group of 3 will be assigned an animal or plant You will need to research how that organism carries out each life process (STERNGRR) Create a powerpoint presentation with pictures and slides-follow the rubric Present Monday – short 4 to 5 min. presentation

STERNGRR Presentations Take notes for each presentation, you should have a few words to describe how each animal presented carries out the essential life processes. Make a Venn diagram to compare any two organisms presented, you may not use the organism your group presented Don’t forget to write your individual summary paragraph about your groups organism!

Ticket Out the Door The life processes that take place in all living organisms can be remembered as STERNGRR. What do the letters stand for? Explain or define two

Characteristics of ALL living organisms: Flashcard Warm-up Characteristics of ALL living organisms: Use your notes and write down the six characteristics of life and a brief explanation for each.

Unit 1 Work Scientific Method Lab- Questions 1-5 from Blue sheet, 1J, data tables (article and questions on back) 1C,D, E STERNGRR Summary and Venn Diagram Characteristics of Life Chart Problem Solving pgs. 9-12