Introducing and Implementing Anti-corruption Monitoring System in Bulgaria and in the SEE region International Conference “Cooperation of the National Parliaments and Independent Regulatory Bodies in SEE”

Building Bridges between Scholars and Policy Makers Founded in late 1989 Interdisciplinary public policy institute Not-for-profit organization Think-and-action-thank Mainly international funding Departments: Economic Program Law Program European Program Sociological Program

Selected Key Topics Informal Economy Anti-Corruption Civil Society Capacity Building Judicial Reform and Criminal Justice Organized Crime, Crime and Policing Fundamental Human Rights Competitiveness and Business Environment Energy Security EU and NATO Integration Migration and Integration Social assessment and monitoring

Cooperation dimensions Activities: Round tables / Conferences / Forums Press conferences / press releases Policy briefs Publications (SCD Analyses, CSD Reports, books …) Social media campaigns

Cooperation dimensions (2) Cooperation: National Assembly Ministries Regulatory bodies International / EU institutions

CSD Corruption Monitoring System (CMS) Introduced in July 1998 Based on quantitative surveys and qualitative studies Corruption assessment indexes on: Attitudes towards corruption; Corrupt practices; Assessments of the scope of corruption; Corruption-related expectations; CMS Survey Methodology National Representative Surveys of the Population (S1) Quantitative Survey of Public Officials (S2) Focus Group Discussions (S3, S4) In-Depth Interviews with Policy Makers (S5) Media Monitoring (S6)

Coalition 2000 Major anti-corruption initiative in Bulgaria since 1998 Main aim: enhancement of public intolerance towards corruption and practical implementation of mechanisms which lead to greater transparency, trust, and integrity. Instruments: Developing an Anti-Corruption Action Plan for Bulgaria (AP) Conducting an Anti-Corruption Awareness Campaign Implementing the Corruption Monitoring System, based on regularly conducted empirical studies

First steps Policy Forum (1998) endorsed an Anti-Corruption Action Plan. “The Bulgarian anti-corruption plan is the most comprehensive and ambitious document of its kind.” (George Soros) Integrating new partners: CSO Major national trade union organizations State institutions Clean Future Awareness Campaign: Small Grants Program for NGOs Anticorruption instruments and practices Promotion materials

Building Ombudsman institution in Bulgaria Researching and analyzing existing legal framework and the functioning of the ombudsman institution Developing a concept on the basis of the analysis, taking into account the existing needs and public attitudes, and political, legal and constitutional realities in Bulgaria Drafting the Law on the People’s Defender (Law on Ombudsman) Organizing working meetings, public discussions and consultations with Bulgarian and foreign experts, ambassadors, politicians, citizens, representatives of NGOs

International activities Active cooperation with: Council of Europe, United Nations Development Program, World Bank, European Union, OECD Exchanging experience internationally Improving the interaction with other initiatives on a regional and international level: Joined the Anti-corruption Network in Transition Economies (OECD) Hosted thee Balkan Forum 2000 (OECD) Together with the International Legal Development Institute (Italy) introduced and implemented the Southeast Europe Legal Development Initiative (SELDI)

Trends in corruption behaviour of citizens (general population) Asking for money gifts or favours. Hints that “something” is expected. Readiness to give or accept money, gifts or favours. Giving of money, favors or gifts in the last year by citizens. Acceptance (as right) of the integrity standards for civil servants. Activities Prerequsites

Involvement in corruption transactions (last 3 months) BribeNo bribeDK/NA Sofia Big city Small town Village Men Women University Collage Secondary Basic Primary Average per capita household income (month) Relative share of people who have contacted the administration involved in corruption transactions (last 3 months) Base: respondents who have contacted the administration (N=481)

Involvement in corruption transactions (general population, average % per month) Base: all respondents (2010, N=1004)

Corruption pressure (last year) Experienced pressure No pressureDK/NA Sofia Big city Small town Village Men Women University Collage Secondary Basic Primary Officer showed directly or indirectly that money, favours or gifts are expected Base: People who contacted the administration (N=481)

Index of corruption pressure ( , min = 0, max = 10)

Business sector: Involvement in corruption transactions (last 3 months) Relative share of people who have contacted the administration and have been involved in corruption transactions (last 3 months) Average per month: 5.43% Base: companies which have contacted the administration (N=246, 61.3%)

Indexes of the level of corruption. Business sector (min=0, max =10)