RISE OF THE MIDDLE AGES

What happened to Europe when Rome fell?? After the Roman Empire broke up Europe was in disorder…BUT WHY?? After the Roman Empire broke up Europe was in disorder…BUT WHY?? –1. Barbarian invasions brought new customs and lifestyles –2. Social patterns changed (less people were wealthy) –3. Germanic tribes established small kingdoms throughout present day Germany and France

The FRANKS Divided France into smaller kingdoms ruled by mayors Pepin II (Pepin the short): Pepin II (Pepin the short):  Was the mayor of several kingdoms  Had many children to run these kingdoms after his death  Ruled from C.E.  Considered the founder of the Holy Roman Empire

Charlemagne The most famous of Pepin’s sons The most famous of Pepin’s sons Reigned from 768 to 814 C.E. Reigned from 768 to 814 C.E. Helped to expand the Roman Catholic Church in Europe (often came to the military aide of the pope when attacked by the Byzantium Empire or Moors (Muslims)) Helped to expand the Roman Catholic Church in Europe (often came to the military aide of the pope when attacked by the Byzantium Empire or Moors (Muslims)) Pope Leo III crowned him “Emperor of the Romans” (problem: no Roman Empire anymore!) Pope Leo III crowned him “Emperor of the Romans” (problem: no Roman Empire anymore!)

Charlemagne United much of western Europe United much of western Europe Divided empire into regions Divided empire into regions The capital was Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen France today) The capital was Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen France today) Had scholars write readable Bibles Had scholars write readable Bibles Created libraries Created libraries Enforced Christianity Enforced Christianity

Charlemagne with the students and scholars in Aix-la-Chapelle The Pope begging for Charlemagne’s help against invading attacks

vs Byzantium churches of the east Charlemagne Catholic churches of the west

Charlemagne’s empire collapsed mid 800’s Charlemagne’s empire collapsed mid 800’s After Charlemagne’s death relatives fought amongst themselves After Charlemagne’s death relatives fought amongst themselves This was the middle of the MIDDLE AGES or Medieval Times This was the middle of the MIDDLE AGES or Medieval Times

What happened when all these areas were attacking each other? Feudalism developed out of: Feudalism developed out of: – people’s need for protection against invaders – landowners’ need to defend their property

Feudalism In medieval feudalism, monarchs throughout Europe were able to afford protection of their empires. In medieval feudalism, monarchs throughout Europe were able to afford protection of their empires. SO…they gave trusted soldiers pieces of land (fiefs) in exchange for their promise to defend it and make it useful (AKA provide food!!) SO…they gave trusted soldiers pieces of land (fiefs) in exchange for their promise to defend it and make it useful (AKA provide food!!)

Weak governments = Need for a solution Weak governments = Need for a solution SOLUTION  FEUDALISM SOLUTION  FEUDALISM –Answers the question of how to provide security with limited resources By the 1000s, most of western Europe practiced a form of feudalism By the 1000s, most of western Europe practiced a form of feudalism

A Medieval Manor This map illustrates the layout of a typical manor. Each manor was largely self-sufficient, growing or producing all of the basic items needed for food, clothing, and shelter.

Economics of Feudalism All the relationships were based on exchange: All the relationships were based on exchange: –The monarch (king) granted land in exchange for management –The nobles granted land and protection in exchange for goods –The lesser nobles granted protection in exchange for goods –The lowest class worked to provide goods in exchange for protection

Social Roles Roles: Roles: –Lord-land owner, usually a noble and sometimes bishops –Vassal-a person given a piece of land by the lord –Knights-tend to be vassals of nobles, given land in exchange to fight and protect lord/noble –Serf- translates to slave, but often used to describe a peasant. They were workers on lord’s manors and had no legal rights