SOCIAL SCIENCE III

 MIDDLE AGES  FEUDALISM  CHIVALRY  THE CHURCH as a powerful institution ▪ REFORMS AND CRUSADES  THE RENAISSANCE  THE REFORMATION  INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION *

 CAF SEGREGATION PROJECT, as usual.  A surprise project which will be formally introduced in class after the long break.

 Middle Ages  Franks  Monastery  Secular  Carolingian Dynasty  Charlemage  Lord  Fief  Vassal  Knight  Serf  Manor  Tithe  Chivalry  Tournament  troubadour

 This period of history in Europe succeeded the fall of the great Roman Empire.  Medieval Europe – new institutions emerged to replace those of the fallen Roman Empire.  They were fragmented unlike the civilizations in China and Southwest Asia.

ROMAN EMPIRE

BROUGHT WITH  DISRUPTION OF TRADE  Business collapsed as a result of recurring invasions.  DOWNFALL OF CITIES  Romans abandoned cities as centers of administration.  POPULATION SHIFTS  From city to countryside (URBAN to RURAL) THEM  DECLINE OF LEARNING  Germanic invaders: NO READ, NO WRITE.  LOSS OF A COMMON LANGUAGE  Latin began to be fragmented ▪ FRENCH ▪ SPANISH ▪ Other Roman based languages

 Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces.  Church is the only institution which survived the fall of the Roman Empire.  The Church provided order and security.  Important part in the Medieval History of Europe.

ROMAN SOCIETY  Loyalty to the public government  Written law GERMANIC SOCIETY  Family ties and personal loyalty  Unwritten rules and traditions

 FRANKS are a Germanic people who held power in the Roman province of Gaul.  Their first king was named Clovis who was said to have brought Christianity to this region.

 The Church in Rome welcomed Clovis’s conversion and supported his military campaigns against other Germanic peoples.  This marked the beginning of an alliance between two powerful forces/ institutions, the Kingdom and the Church.

 POLITICS  Church and King converted many Germanic people.  MISSIONARIES – borders of the Roman Empire  FEAR OF COASTAL ATTACKS BY MUSLIMS

BENEDICT  Wrote a book on practical set of rules for monasteries.  MONASTERY- religious communities that the Church built to adapt to rural conditions. SCHOLASTICA  Adapted the same rules for women.

 SECULAR means worldly, power involved in politics.  Gregory the Great broadened the authority of the papacy.  CENTRAL THEME: Churchly kingdoms ruled by a Pope

A SECULARIZED POPE  POPE’S PALACE- center of the Roman government.  Church revenues for raising armies, repairing roads, helping the poor.  Negotiating peace treaties with invaders (ex. Lombards)  Pope being the Mayor of Rome CHANGES IN THE POWER OF THE POPE

 Roman Empire was divided.  England = seven tiny kingdoms.  Franks = controlled Gaul, the largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms.  Clovis- first king of Gaul. ▪ Started and strengthened the Merovingian Dynasty.  Major Domo= mayors of the palace.  Became the most powerful person in the kingdom.  In charge of the royal households and estates (official responsibility)  Commanded armies and made policies.

CHARLES MARTEL  Extended Franks’ reign to the North, South, and East of Gaul.  Also defeated a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours. PEPIN THE SHORT  Succeeded Charles Martel.  Supported the Church in their fight against the Lombards (invading Central Italy).  “King by the Grace of God.”  Started the Carolingian Dynasty.

 Pepin the Short left two successors, Carloman and Charles.  CHARLES- would eventually be known as Charlemagne.  A tall, bold man who stood 6’4”  Einhard says he was “the most potent prince with the greatest skill and success in different countries during the forty-seven years of his reign.”  Doubled the area of his father’s reign  His conquests helped spread Christianity  Is the first German “Roman Emperor”.  WHY WAS IT HISTORIC?

 Limited the authority of the nobles  Regularly visited every part of his kingdom.  Judged cases, settled disputes, rewarded followers.  Encouraged learning  English, German, Italian, and Spanish scholars  Opened a palace school for the children at the court.  Monasteries opened schools that trained monks and priests

 Louis the Pious – devoutly a religious man  Lothair  Charles the Bald  Louis the German  TREATY OF VERDUN- divided Charlemagne’s empire into 3 kingdoms.

 FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE MAP OF CHARLEMAGNE’S EMPIRE.

 WHAT IS FEUDALISM? WHERE DOES FEUDALISM BASE ITS POWER? DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE PRESENT IN THIS PERIOD.  COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FEUDALISM THAT EXISTED IN JAPAN AND CHINA WITH THE ONE THAT EXISTED IN EUROPE.  DRAW THE TYPICAL MANOR THAT EXISTED DURING THIS ERA.