SITE 6 – DELAWARE RIVER RIGHT BANK BLOW-OUT UP THE HILL FROM THE DELAWARE RIVER (SWIRLING RIVER EROSION & GROUNDWATER PIPING) DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PROJECT CONSTRUCTED SEPTEMBER 10-15, 2009

CONTACT: LOCATION: In the northern section of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, proceed north on Rt. 209 approx. 8 to 10 miles. There is a large open field with the Delaware River to the east, slow down. There is a large house to the west at the northern end of the field. Opposite is a small barn with turn off area and dirt road leading to the site. Site is to the north of the end of the dirt road where it gets close to the

PROBLEMS  This bowl-shaped upper bank blow-out appears to have been initially eroded by river flows guided into the area by a jam of large downed trees at the toe of the right bank (see next slide). The swirling water eroded the bank leaving a circular failure with steep banks.  Additional erosion has been caused by flood waters draining back into the eroded area from the surrounding fields during high water events.  A third stressor is groundwater piping exiting the eroding bank at an old stream location. The stream was rerouted decades ago. Water seeps from the active failing bank.  The actively eroding bank is failing in an uphill direction & presently threatening an important archeological site.

Aerial view of project area with work limits delineated. Note Large Woody debris (LWD) in river that vectored river energy into the bank causing the bank to initially erode. Courtesy of Ecological Restoration, Inc.

PRE-PROJECT PHOTOS by Dave Derrick July 23, 2008, Dec. 15, 2008, & Sept. 9, 2009

From top bank, looking downhill at the blow-out area. PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6 - PIX BY DERRICK

Looking north, this area has decent native grasses. PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6 - PIX BY DERRICK

Vertical eroding scarp is masked by vegetation. PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6 - PIX BY DERRICK

Looking uphill (west) at eroding bank, gully & escarpment. PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6 - PIX BY DERRICK

Looking uphill the eroding escarpment partially caused by groundwater seepage. PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6 - PIX BY DERRICK

Escarpment & erosion is easier to see during winter PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking uphill escarpment & eroded bank. PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking escarpment & bank erosion. PRE-PROJECT DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

THE PLAN

SOLUTIONS (THE PLAN)  This project is designed to stabilize the bank at the present location by using “soft” stabilization methods. Banks will be sloped and a sloping 12 inch thick gravel French drain installed. The drain will be covered with geotextile and a foot thick layer of topsoil. Native grasses will be seeded in all disturbed areas & over the French drain. A 100% coir Erosion Control Blanket will be installed over the soil with many species of rooted stock shrubs installed at the top and bottom of the French drain. At the toe of the slope two rows of coir logs will be installed with two rows of rooted willow & dogwood whips, & unrooted willows planted in between.  On the lower river bank, 3 rows of rooted willow whips will be installed to bridge a gap in the existing riparian corridor & reduce the chance of high river flows from again swirling into the repaired bank area.

Courtesy of Ecological Restoration, Inc.

CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS by Dave Derrick, September 10-14, 2009

A follow-the-river hiking path had just been completed at the project site. We used a portion of the path for access. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

PLANTS PLANTED  Fragrant Sumac 27 3 gallon pots  Silky Dogwood 400 bare root & cuttings  Black Willow 1210 cuttings & tree bands  Ninebark 9 3 gallon pots  Nannyberry 57 1 gallon pots  Arrowwood 56 1 gallon pots  Grey Dogwood 27 3 gallon pots Common Name # Size

TRENCH PLANTING ROOTED-STOCK WILLOW WHIPS DOWN BY THE RIVER

Looking mini trackhoe digging a trench for the rooted-stock willow whips. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

NARROW TRENCH PLANTING TECHNIQUE Dig the trench. Spoil

NARROW TRENCH PLANTING TECHNIQUE Place the last scoop of dug soil back in the trench so plantings are in loose material. Spoil

Looking the trench closest to the river & two flats of willow whips. Three trenches parallel with the river will be dug & planted with willow to tie into the existing US & DS forested riparian buffer. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

NARROW TRENCH PLANTING TECHNIQUE Place rooted-stock willow whips into loose soil in trench. Lean whips against side of trench away from the spoil pile Spoil

Rooted-stock Black Willow whips in tree bands (small pots) CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Willows are 6 months old, cuttings were planted in a 2.75 inch by 2.75 inch by 6 inch pot in March (now 4-6 ft tall, approx.½ diameter) CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of rooted-stock Black Willow whips in trench. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of rooted-stock Black Willow whips in trench. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Whips in trench, planted at a rate of three whips per foot. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

NARROW TRENCH PLANTING TECHNIQUE Water plants in & backfill.

Mini-excavator backfilling trench, which plants the willows. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking DS. The trench closest to the river is keyed up & into the existing riparian both the US & DS ends. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking the uppermost of the 3 trench plantings. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking the uppermost of the 3 trench plantings. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of the trench willow plantings. Good sandy soil. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking all 3 parallel willow trenches & silt fence. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

TRENCH PLANTING THE ROOTED-STOCK WILLOW WHIPS DOWN BY THE RIVER IS COMPLETE !!

NEXT ARE THREE SETS OF PIX OF THE FRENCH DRAIN AREA LOOKING NORTH, EAST, & SOUTH. PIX ARE PRE-PROJECT, CONSTRUCTION, & POST-PROJECT

THE FRENCH DRAIN, WITH GEOTEXTILE, SOIL, NATIVE GRASS SEED, & COIR MATTING (LOOKING NORTH)

Looking the eroded, unstable bank. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

An archeological dig was undertaken at the eroding bank. We understand nothing of significance was found. This was filled with the 3 inch gravel filter material to form a chimney drain. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking north. Bank sloped with the mini tracked loader. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

SUITABLE STONE

For the “French drain’ sloped filter a 1 ft thick layer of 3 inch poorly sorted gravel was used. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking north. Spreading filter gravel with the mini loader. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Gravel staged down over sloped bank. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Gravel spread, ready for the geotextile separator. Mound at top bank will not allow rainwater to gully down new slope. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Geotextile will be tucked sharp top bank. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Rolling geotextile over filter. Twelve inches of soil has been placed over the geotextile in the foreground. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Geotextile key trenched at top & partially toe. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking 12’ soil cover over geotextile. Seeding next. Trenches at bottom will be planted with willow & dogwood. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Cutting coir blanket to length plus close-up. This is a 700 series (700 grams per sq. meter blanket. Heavy& tough. Traps soil & seed well, sticks in dirt when wet, open weave, can be reseeded if needed CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking north. 100% coir Erosion Control Blanket covers soil & seed. Two trenches at toe planted with Black Willow & dogwood. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of trench plantings & trenched-in toe of coir ECB. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE Photos by Dave Derrick SEPT. 18, 2009

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking top bank

5 DAYS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick SEPT. 23, 2009

5 DAYS LATER-Looking top bank. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking north. Note cover crop grass growing through coir matting. Native grass will germinate spring DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking top, slope, & toe. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking toe. Unrooted willow leaves have withered, while rooted willow poles are robust. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

THE FRENCH DRAIN WITH GEOTEXTILE, SOIL, SEED, AND COIR MATTING (LOOKING EAST)

Looking east. Sloping bank with the mini tracked loader. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Sloping & grading bank. Filter gravel staged. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking east. Spreading filter gravel with the mini loader. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Geotextile in place, some soil staged. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Upper edge of geotextile is tucked vertical face of gravel. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking staged soil on geotextile. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking staged soil on geotextile. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking uphill. Ready to roll geotextile downslope. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking 12” layer of soil over the geotextile. Site is now ready to be seeded & 100% coir Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) laid out & anchored down. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking east. Site has been seeded. Coir mat is now being installed. Note key trench for toe of slope. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking upper key trench for coir matting (ECB). CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking east. Rolling coir & anchoring with wire staples. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of trench plantings & trenched-in toe of coir ECB. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK Completed slope filter, geotextile, soil layer, seed, & ECB with two rows of narrow trench dogwood & willow rooted poles & 2 coir logs

CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK Completed slope filter, geotextile, soil layer, seed, & ECB with two rows of narrow trench dogwood & willow rooted poles & 2 coir logs

Coir logs tied into DS end. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking upper bank riparian plantings. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE Photos by Dave Derrick SEPT. 18, 2009

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking top bank & slope

5 DAYS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick SEPT. 23, 2009

5 DAYS LATER-Looking top bank plantings. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking cover crop grass growing through the coir Erosion Control Blanket. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking top, slope, & toe. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS toe. Rooted willow poles are robust while unrooted willow pole leaves have withered.

THE FRENCH DRAIN WITH GEOTEXTILE, SOIL, SEED, AND COIR MATTING - LOOKING SOUTH (FROM UPSTREAM LOOKING DOWNSTREAM)

Looking sloped bank & completed gravel filter, with a portion covered with geotextile & 12” soil layer. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking sloped bank & completed gravel filter, with a portion covered with geotextile & 12” soil layer CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking south, French drain & geotextile in. Some areas the soil layer, seed, & ECB has been installed. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Vegetation in center was left alone as many high quality native grasses are populating that area. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

All slope work is complete, trench plantings in at toe. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of trench plantings & trenched-in toe of coir ECB. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking completed slope. CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE Photos by Dave Derrick SEPT. 18, 2009

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking top bank plants.

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking top bank plants, and top bank mound that will guide rain water away from slope

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking completed slope filter, geotextile, soil layer, seed, & ECB with two rows of narrow trench dogwood & willow rooted poles & 2 coir logs.

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Coir logs keyed up slope

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Close-up of toe.

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking toe.

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking the project

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-DELAWARE R-SITE 6-DERRICK CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking the overall project

5 DAYS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick SEPT. 23, 2009

5 DAYS LATER-Looking top bank. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking top bank & slope. Note cover crop grass growing through coir mat. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking Top, slope, & toe. Note mound at top slope to prevent overbank flow down slope 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Looking project & native grasses in center that were not disturbed. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK

5 DAYS LATER-Filling ruts in haul road. 5 DAYS LATER - DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK TOTALLY FINISHED

1 YEAR AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Dave Derrick SEPT. 12, 2010

1 YEAR LATER-Looking the US end of one of the rows of willows. So much other growth, hard to find willows, time will tell. Entire project was well vegetated & very stable, very little sediment. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Looking east at toe of south slope. Decent growth, rooted- stock willows did better than unrooted poles. Very little sediment by coir logs. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Something is tearing up the 100% Coir logs, but they have served their purpose. Very little sediment came off of the slopes, which is good!! 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Looking west slope. All sections well vegetated & stable. Willow growth is decent. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR coir logs & willows. All vegged, all stable (bottom, slopes, & top bank), no slope movement. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Looking west & north slopes. All vegged, all stable, no slope movement, very little sediment. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Looking west slope. All vegged, all stable, no slope movement, very little sediment. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Looking southwest. All vegged, all stable, no slope movement, very little sediment. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR west slope. All vegged, all stable, no slope movement, very little sediment. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

1 YEAR LATER-Looking toward the river. All vegged, all stable, no slope movement, very little sediment. 1 YEAR LATER-DELAWARE R.-SITE 6 PIX BY DERRICK

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