Self-governance VS Linguistic Peace among the Canadian Inuit Michelle Daveluy University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 10th LinguaPax Congress Barcelona, May 2004

Canadian Inuit Greenland Inuit Alaskan Inuit Russian Inuit Other Arctic people Legend

Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights Inuit Circumpolar Conference Ottawa, Canada Carl Chr. Olsen, linguist Nuuk

Nunavik

Stats Canada ( CBC North, 21 janvier 2003 ) +/ Inuit in Canada +20, 000 in Nunavut -10,000 in Nunavik

James Bay Agreement

Dorais 1996 Despite centuries of contact and increasing pressure from English and French, almost 99% of the Inuit population in Nunavik will, it is estimated, continue to speak Inuktitut as a home language all their lives.

Law 101 Preamble Title I : Status of the French language Title II : Linguistic officialization, toponymy and francization Title III : The Office québécois de la langue française Title IV : The Conseil de la langue française Title V : Penal provisions and other sanctions Title VI : Transitional and miscellaneous provisions Schedule

Dorais 1979: 76 The new Provincial policy will probably do some good to the language of the Inuit: it shall be taught in all Northern Quebec schools. Its status, however, will be strictly local. Both levels of government discourage the emergence of a pan-Inuit or pan-aboriginal nationalism. Northen Quebec people are forced to become either English Canadian or French Québécois Inuit.

Nunavut 3 official languages Inuktitut, English, French

Bathurst Mandate “…fully functional bilingual society, in Inuktitut and English, respectful and committed to the needs and rights of French speakers, with a growing ability to participate in French.”

March 21, 2003 French DEA reopens debate on Bill 1 Education bill still in violation of the Charter, chair says PATRICIA D’SOUZA The Government of Nunavut’s education bill is still vulnerable to legal challenge, despite amendments submitted last month by representatives from the GN and the Francophone Association of Nunavut, the chair of Iqaluit’s French District Education Authority says

February 15, 2002 Iqaluit pharmacy ahead of the game Nunavut language commissioner recommends bilingual instructions for prescriptions, but that’s nothing new to Valupharm

Report of the Nunavik Commission March 2001

Recommendation no. 9 Language and culture (Pg. 31, 2001) The predominant use of Inuttitut in the operation of the Nunavik Government and other public institutions of Nunavik;

9.3.2 la prédominance de l’inuttitut dans les activités du gouvernement du Nunavut et des autres institutions publiques du Nunavik; Recommandation nº 9 La langue et la culture (Pg. 31, 2001)