The Netherland s: The Low Country 17c: The Dutch Century It was a political model. A radical attitude towards religion in the country. A certain level.

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Presentation transcript:

The Netherland s: The Low Country

17c: The Dutch Century It was a political model. A radical attitude towards religion in the country. A certain level of religious toleration. Stable, thriving economy. Golden Age of artists and thinkers. Religion and everyday life were recurring themes in their art. Religion and everyday life were recurring themes in their art.

Portrait of an Old Jewish Man Rembrandt, 1654

Upper-class Homes, Amsterdam Early 1600s

Patrician Houses Along the Canal in Leiden

The Burgher of Delft & His Daughter – Jan Steen

The Leiden Baker & His Wife Jan Steen

A Young Woman with a Water Jug - Jan Vermeer, 1662

Girl with a Pearl Earring Jan Vermeer, 1665

The Dutch Economy Exported diamonds, linens, pottery. Not much inflation. Great Dutch land reclamation project was accelerated during this time. Masters of the carrying trade (lowest shipping rates in Europe).

17c Dutch Global Commerce

Dutch East India Ship, mid- 17c

Return of the Dutch East India Fleet, 1599

Amsterdam Stock Market (Bourse) Emmanuel De Witte, 1653 Jewish refugees helped found it in 1602.

Sampling Officials of the Drapers Guild – Rembrandt

The Lace Maker Nicolaes Maes

Fort Orange (Albany, NY) in New Netherlands

New Amsterdam (NYC) Settled in Official Flag of the NYC Seal of the City of NY. Official Flag of the NYC Seal of the City of NY.

New Amsterdam (NYC) Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.

Dutch Ship in Nagasaki Late 18c

University of Leiden, 1575 RBy 1645, it was the largest university in the Protestant world. RThe separation of the strong provinces hindered the power of any church to control intellectual life in the Dutch Republic!

University of Gröningen, 1614 RAlong with Leiden, they were the first international universities. RHalf of the students were foreigners.

René Descartes The French philosopher lived in Leiden from 1628 to 1649.

Dutch Optics: The Telescope Most agree that the telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey in 1608.

Astronomical Pioneer: Christiaan Huygens RExplanation of Saturns rings. RWave theory of light.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek: The Microscope & the Discovery of Micro-Organisms

Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp – Rembrandt, 1632

(detail) Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp – Rembrandt, 1632

The Astronomer Jan Vermeer, 1668

The Geographer Jan Vermeer,

Girl Reading a Letter with the Window Open - Jan Vermeer, 1657

The Music Lesson Jan Vermeer,

The Spanish Hapsburgs & Europe (1556) Philip II consolidated Hapsburg lands at the end of the 16c.

The Spanish Netherlands: Union of Utrecht, 1579 The United Provinces still recognized Spanish rule, but, in 1581, they declared their independence.

The Netherlands (1609)

The Dutch Federation REGENTS - provincial level - held virtually all the power - strong advocates of local independence STADHOLDER - States General representative from each province - responsible for defense and order STATES GENERAL - federal assembly - foreign affairs (war) - all issues had to be referred to the local Estates

The Night Watch – Rembrandt, 1642

Dutch Royal Palace, Amsterdam

Count William II Granting Privileges Cesare van Everdingen, 1654

Anglo-Dutch Wars RFirst Anglo-Dutch War: RSecond Anglo-Dutch War: RThird Anglo-Dutch War: King William III Queen Mary II ascend the throne of England in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution. King William III Queen Mary II ascend the throne of England in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution.

William III of England: Dutch William The final revenge of the Dutch?