Chapter Fourteen Revolution and Nationalism

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter Fourteen Revolution and Nationalism 1900-1939 Section Two Totalitarianism Stalinist Russia

Key Terms Totalitarianism- describes a government that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life. Great Purge- a campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened Stalin’s power. Command Economy- a system in which the government made all economic decisions. Five-Year Plans- plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union’s economy. Collective Farms- a large government controlled farm formed by combining many small farms.

Key Traits of Totalitarianism Ideology: Sets goals of the state Glorifies aims of the state Justifies government actions State Control of Individuals: Demands loyalty Denies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state

Key Traits of Totalitarianism Methods of Enforcement: Police terror Indoctrination Censorship Persecution Modern Technology: Mass communication to spread propaganda Advanced military weapons

Key Traits of Totalitarianism State Control of Society: Business Labor Housing Education Religion The Arts Personal Life Youth Groups

Key Traits of Totalitarianism Dictatorship and One-Party Rule: Exercises absolute authority Dominates the government Dynamic Leader: Unites people Symbolizes government Encourages popular support through force of will

Totalitarian Leaders in the 20th Century Adolf Hitler (Germany) 1933-1945 Benito Mussolini (Italy) 1925-1943 Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) 1929-1953 Kim Il Sung (North Korea) 1948-1994 Saddam Hussein (Iraq) 1979-2003

State Terror The two most infamous examples of state terror in the 20th century were in Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Each killed an estimated 20 million people through the use of state terror.

Totalitarianism Today There are many authoritarian regimes in the world today, but very few actual totalitarian governments. In 2000, there were six totalitarian regimes identified by the U.S. government. Afghanistan (removed from power 2001) Cuba North Korea Laos Vietnam Iraq (removed from power 2003)

Quiz Review Know the following: Command Economy Kulak Five-Year Plan Great Purge Weapons of Totalitarianism