Reductive Bio-Modification of Sediment Contaminants: An In Situ, Molecular Hydrogen Formation Approach. NATO/CCMS Pilot Study Prevention and Remediation.

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Presentation transcript:

Reductive Bio-Modification of Sediment Contaminants: An In Situ, Molecular Hydrogen Formation Approach. NATO/CCMS Pilot Study Prevention and Remediation In Selected Industrial Sectors: Sediments. Ljubljana, Slovenia. June 17-22, 2007 Guy W. Sewell, Ph.D. Professor of Environmental Health Sciences Robert S. Kerr Endowed Chair Executive Director IESER East Central University

East Central University Ada, Oklahoma ~4000 Students Ada is Home to the US-EPAs Ground Water Research Center

Assumption: Dredging may be necessary but it is not desirable. Efficacy Questions Ecological Impacts Sustainability Questions Can we treat in situ effectively?

Sediments: System Management Factors Dynamic System  Solution Transport Rate  Particulate Transport Rate Contaminant Transport Rate is a Function of Both Prediction of Contaminant Distribution Difficult Control of Treatment/Residence Time Difficult Mixture of Contaminants Sink for Multiple Sources Point and Non-Point  linear source Concentration vs Mass Loading (mass flux) Descrete Receptor-More likely than most media Do we manage for the media or the receptor?

Redox gradients, flood plain, reversing hydraulic gradient, velocity profiles, baseflow, storm flow

Is in situ Biotreatment an Option? Bioaugmentation: Addition of microbes Sediments contain significant native populations Challenges: GW-transport, Sediment-dispersal Biostimulation: Addition of nutrients, electron donor/acceptors Relatively organic rich Often oxygen limited Dispersal issue

Biodegradation Triangle

Reductive Bio-transformations Oxygen Limited Conditions Fermentation substrate is both oxidized and reduced, (Ethanol, CO2) Anaerobic Oxidation Discrete electron donor and acceptor (not O2) Hydrogen is the Energy Currency in Anaerobic Consortial Systems Applicable to a Wide Variety of Chlorinated Organics (PCBs, PCE, PCP, HCB, CT) , inorganics (Nitrate) and metals (CrVI).

How do We Stimulate Reductive Biotransformations? Hydrogen limiting bio-reactant Metabolic Formation Complex substrate addition (bio-stimulation) HRC Direct Injection Low solubility Hazardous

The story of Postgate’s nail Figure 2. Bottom: Microbial consortia operating at the surface of corroding iron, transferring electrons from removed hydrogen, and reducing sulfate. Top: Microbial consortia operating at the surface of metal that is electrolytically generating hydrogen and transferring electrons to chlorinated hydrocarbons.

The story of Postgate’s nail Figure 2. Bottom: Microbial consortia operating at the surface of corroding iron, transferring electrons from removed hydrogen, and reducing sulfate. Top: Microbial consortia operating at the surface of metal that is electrolytically generating hydrogen and transferring electrons to chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Figure 7. Hydrogen production versus applied potential. 2H+ (aq) + 2e- (induced potential) -> 2H. (surface) <-> H2 (aq) (Not electrolysis, proton reduction)

Figure 6. Quantification of evolved hydrogen at a constant applied potential of 0.03V

Figure 14. Methane concentration profiles for the systems tested at 0 V, 0.4 V continuous, and 0.4 V with reversal.

Figure 16. Lane E map showing the anode, cathode, installed monitoring wells and physical dimensions.

Figure 17. Fallon, NV, pilot test Lane E hydrogen profile on October 29, 1998.

Figure 19. Fallon, NV, pilot test Lane E hydrogen profile on December 3, 1998.

NO3-  NO2-  N2 2NO3- + 5H2  N2 + 4H2O + 2OH-

Guy W. Sewell

Great Eastern 1860’s Cable laying is a proven technology Line-Electrode Characteristics: Ferrous based Maximize surface area Nutrient-biomass delivery Sample collection Power Characteristics: Low power requirements Solar panel Battery Low Hazard

BioLance Application to Sediments BioLance Advantages In situ application Ease of installation Low cost installation and operation Can be easily applied where needed to intercept the plume or source BioLance Disadvantages Requires electricity source Hydrogen is potentially hazardous Electrodes may need replacement There is a lack of performance data due: ROI, rates Attenuation rates may be very slow

Summary BioLance may be applicable to sediments Low cost in situ technology Appropriate for ex situ applications also Ecologically Benign Enhances Native Processes Applicable to a variety of bio-reducible contaminants Next Step: Field Trials