Alternative Sources of Energy and The Global Community kuranaka09, snakamoto09, kflee09, schen09

Water Power

What is it? What is it? Hydroelectric Power Stations Hydroelectric Power Stations Eg. River power plants, storage power plants, pumped storage power plants, tidal power stations, wave power stations Eg. River power plants, storage power plants, pumped storage power plants, tidal power stations, wave power stations Water Power River Power Plant Dam River Power Plant Dam

How it Works… General layout of Hydropower Plants General layout of Hydropower Plants

How it Works Continued Wave Power Station Wave Power Station Tidal Power Station Tidal Power Station

Environmental Impact Pros –Low-cost energy –No harmful emissions or CO 2 –Hydropower: 95% efficiency Cons –Not major option –Reservoir effects –Tidal Power Hawaii –Tidal Power –Wave Power Around the World –Supplementary –Dams/Ocean

Wind Power

Blades collect the wind’s kinetic energy The blades are connected to a drive shaft that turns an electric generator to produce electricity. The wind flows over the shaped blades causing lift, causing them to turn How it works…

Vertical/Horizontal 2-3 blades Closer to ground level Slower speeds Propeller-type rotor Liner-type air movement popular

Clean energy source; renewable energy source Does not produce air or water pollution, no fuel burned Pros Clearing of wooded areas Birds killed by wind turbine; one bird is killed per turbine per year; 10 million per year are killed by cars alone Aesthetics Cons

HawaiiHawaii Lalamilo Kohala, Big Island Kama’ao South Point, Big Island Hawi Upolu Point, Big Island Kaheawa Pastures Ukumehame, Maui Kahe Ridge Nanakuli, Oahu Ultimate wind production increasing WorldWorld

Solar Power

3 Ways Solar Power is Used Solar Cells (photovoltaic cells) Solar Water Heating Solar Furnaces Also considering building solar towers 3 Ways Solar Power is Used Solar Cells (photovoltaic cells) Solar Water Heating Solar Furnaces Also considering building solar towers How it works…

Pros Does not require fuel Does not produce waste or pollution Renewable energy source Does not require fuel Does not produce waste or pollution Renewable energy source Cons needs a very large area of solar panels to collect a useful amount of power does not work at night Weather conditions expensive to build solar power stations

Hawaii highest electricity prices in the nation state increased credit for single- family residential PV systems to $5,000 while commercial photovoltaics are now $500,000 one of most successful solar water heating programs in nation 85 MW Solar Energy in Big Island, Maui, and Oahu highest electricity prices in the nation state increased credit for single- family residential PV systems to $5,000 while commercial photovoltaics are now $500,000 one of most successful solar water heating programs in nation 85 MW Solar Energy in Big Island, Maui, and Oahu Around the World… Worldwide production reached 1.46 Gigawatts in 2005, and is doubling every 3 years Has been increased interest in solar energy; numerous countries are considering idea Worldwide production reached 1.46 Gigawatts in 2005, and is doubling every 3 years Has been increased interest in solar energy; numerous countries are considering idea

Biomass Energy

HOW ENERGY EXTRACTED Thermochemical Biochemical Chemical Biomass is matter thought of as “garbage.” includes paper products that cannot be recycled into other paper products and normal household waste that is sent to the dump Biomass is matter thought of as “garbage.” includes paper products that cannot be recycled into other paper products and normal household waste that is sent to the dump How it Works…

Pros serves as fertilizer for replanting improves air quality; reduces pollution improves air quality; reduces pollution improves water quality improves water quality reduce dependence on oil serves as fertilizer for replanting improves air quality; reduces pollution improves air quality; reduces pollution improves water quality improves water quality reduce dependence on oil could cause global warming could cause global warming Cons

Hawaii does not have a fuel plant does not have a fuel plant source of renewable energy in Hawaii source of renewable energy in Hawaii but Department of Business and Economic Development and Tourism completes assessments of the different biomass energy resources but Department of Business and Economic Development and Tourism completes assessments of the different biomass energy resources

Nuclear Energy

How it Works… releases energy so work can be accomplished: propulsion, heat, generation of electricity U-235 is so concentrated that nuclear fission occurs—uranium enriched so contains 2-3% or more of U-235 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle

require less fuel require less fuel does not release contaminants into environment when well operated does not release contaminants into environment when well operated emits little or no carbon dioxide emits little or no carbon dioxide nuclear technology already available; does not require development first in order to proceed nuclear technology already available; does not require development first in order to proceed high amounts of energy; high amounts of energy; a ton of uranium produces energy greater than the energy produced by several million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil require less fuel require less fuel does not release contaminants into environment when well operated does not release contaminants into environment when well operated emits little or no carbon dioxide emits little or no carbon dioxide nuclear technology already available; does not require development first in order to proceed nuclear technology already available; does not require development first in order to proceed high amounts of energy; high amounts of energy; a ton of uranium produces energy greater than the energy produced by several million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil Pros radioactive contamination use nuclear energy for proliferation of nuclear weapons possibility if nuclear reactor undergoes meltdown waste disposal problems reactors not long lasting could become targets for sabotage, terrorist attacks limited resources take long time to build many plants radioactive contamination use nuclear energy for proliferation of nuclear weapons possibility if nuclear reactor undergoes meltdown waste disposal problems reactors not long lasting could become targets for sabotage, terrorist attacks limited resources take long time to build many plants Cons

Around the World January 2007: 30 countries operating 435 nuclear reactors for electricity 30 new plants under construction in 12 countries North Korea and Iran January 2007: 30 countries operating 435 nuclear reactors for electricity 30 new plants under construction in 12 countries North Korea and Iran

Hydrogen Gas

Geothermal Energy

Bibliography

Bibliography

“Chapter 10: biomass energy.” Energy Story. April, 22, California Energy Commission. March 26, “How Biomass Works.” Clean Energy. 8/26/06. Union of Concerned Scientists. March 26, biomass-energy- works.html#Converting_Biomass_to_Energy biomass-energy- works.html#Converting_Biomass_to_Energy Planet Power Energy and the Environment. Common Purpose Institute. March 26, “Biomass Resources for Hydrogen Production via Gasification.” University of Hawaii at Manoa Hawaii Natural Energy Institute. December Hawaii Natural Energy Institute. March 26, “Hydrogen.” Energy Information. December National Energy Education Development Project. March 27, “Hydrogen Facts.” Consumer Energy Council of America Leadership on Essential Services for Consumers Consumer Energy Council of America. March 27, Bibliography