Imagine your computer, phone, or mp3 player….Are all your songs randomly placed, or do you have them organized in some way?

But Why? When you have a lot of information, it is best to organize and group items so that you can find them easily and see their relationship to other items…that is why we classify

Why Classify? There are 1.5 million species named and million species yet to be discovered.

Taxonomy And Classification Classification - the grouping of information or objects based on their similarities. Taxonomy - the study of the classification of organisms.

Classification and Taxonomy… Sets up an organized system so scientists can communicate. Shows evolutionary linkages between organisms. Has led to important discoveries including new medicines and new sources of energy.

Classifying With A Dichotomous Key Keys help scientists to identify unknown organisms. Dichotomous Key Gives 2 choices Choose the best answer Leads to further choices that narrow selection Eventually identify organism

Meet Linnaeus Developed the hierarchical system of classification we use today Developed binomial nomenclature Hello

How Are Living Things Classified? Organisms are classified based on 3 things: 1. Biochemical analysis (DNA) 2. Structure 3. Behavior Living things are organized into different sized hierarchical groups called taxa.

Hierarchical Classification System Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Mnemonics…To Help You Remember K ing P hillip C ame O ver F or G ood S oup Now come up with your own…

So we have them organized into groups…now how do we name them?

This is a Puma concolor …a what?!?

Why Do We Using These Crazy Scientific Names? Developed to avoid confusion of common names. Depending on where you live you might recognize this as a mountain lion, a puma, a cougar, or a panther, all of which are common names

Binomial Nomenclature To avoid confusion of common names scientists developed this system of naming with the following rules: 2 parts Must be in latin Must be in italics 1st word - Genus - Must be capitalized 2nd word - Species - Must be lowercase

Binomial Nomenclature Common Name: Dog Scientific Name: Canis familiaris (Genus) (species)

Binomial Nomenclature Common Name: Human Scientific Name: ?

Illustrating Relationships Between Organisms

Cladograms A picture/tree that groups organisms based on traits Identifies evolutionary relationships

Cladograms

Cladogram Lab

The 6 Kingdoms

Remember Kingdom is the largest of the taxonomic groups All organisms can be placed into 1 of the 6 kingdoms Classification into a kingdom is based on these criteria… Number of cells Mode of nutrition Type of cell Cell structure

Eubacteria Major Traits Prokaryote Unicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph Cell wall with peptidoglycan Examples Streptocococcus E. coli

Archaebacteria Major Traits Prokaryote Unicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph Cell wall without peptidoglycan Examples Methanogens

Eubacteria & Archaebacteria can be combined to be considered the kingdom monera

Protista Major Traits Eukaryote Most Unicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph Cell walls of cellulose Examples Amoeba Paramecium Slime Molds Giant Kelp

Fungi Major Traits Eukaryote Most Multicellular Heterotroph Cell wall with chitin Examples Mushrooms Yeast

Plantae Major Traits Eukaryote Multicellular Autotroph Cell wall of cellulose Examples Mosses Ferns Flowering Plants

Animalia Major Traits Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotroph No cell wall Examples Sponges Insects Fish Mammals