Working with Young Adults 18-25 years old Darryl Turpin MPA, CADC Pinwheel Group Louisville, KY

Working With 18-24 Year Olds Objectives: Understand the thinking, attitudes, and behaviors of young adults in the criminal justice system. Understand the psychology of emerging adulthood; what is known, and what remains to be known? Learn new techniques and skills for treating and educating 18-24 year old.

RISK FACTORS AGE (<25) EARLY ONSET OF SUBSTANCE USE(<14) EARLY ONSET CRIME(<16 YEARS) PRIOR TX FAILURES SUBSTANCE USE SEVERITY CRIMINAL HISTORY ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

“Habilitation vs. Rehabilitation" Treatment providers increasingly note that many clients require "habilitation," not simply "rehabilitation." In other words, some addicted persons have not lost functional capacities and skills as a result of their addiction but have, in fact, never acquired them. Many persons, for example, have not acquired the capacity to control impulses or to distinguish between emotional states. Some lack the skills to sustain day-to-day relationships with others, or suffer from Attention Deficit Disorder. The fact that more and more clients suffer from a lack of basic capabilities and skills makes the treatment of the underlying addiction more difficult.

Did You Know… “Very few addictions starts after age 30. Most addiction starts between 18-25”. Dr. Mark Willenbring M.D. Director of Treatment & Recovery Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism

GALLUP POLL STRESS, ANGER, AND WORRY OCCURS IN THE EARLY 20’S FEAR, FAILURE, FRUSTRATION , AND FUTURE

THEIR PERCEPTION

THEIR LENS (HOW DO THEY SEE US) UNAWARE INSENSITIVE UNWILLING TO LISTEN UNFAIR AUTHORITY/THE LAW MISTRUST

THEIR (“Street”) THINKING I’m Smarter Than You / Manipulative You Don’t Understand Where I Come From (Great Defense)

THEIR “STREET” THINKING Superopitimism Here & Now Physical Strength / Respect Slick System Trusting To Their Environment

Locked Mind

REAL DEAL The Bottom Line – a significant number of young adults are having real difficulties. It is more difficult for those with the least resources (economic, psychological & intellectual). Moreover, efforts to change others’ behaviors without understanding individuals’ reasons for engaging in the behavior are short-sighted and likely to be unsuccessful, especially in the emerging adult population.

SURVIVAL MODE Due to the emotional, spiritual and cultural breakdown with the family, combined with life obstacles, faulty thinking, and a overzealous ID, provides difficulty reaching our young adults.

WHAT WORKS BEST PRACTICES I believe that in order to help people stop negative behavior, individuals must be given judicial motivation, insight, and skills to change. With hope and self-efficacy, we believe the individual can reach the optimal level of achievement. We need to bridge

JOHARI WINDOW Dr. Doug Marlowe PROGNOSTIC RISK HIGH LOW Alternate Track (Treatment Emphasis) Non-Compliance Calendar Substance Abuse Treatment Adaptive Habilitation Focus Consequences on Treatment Prescribed Medication Standard Drug Court Track (10 Key Components) Status Calendar Substance Abuse Treatment Pro -Social Habilitation Adaptive Habilitation Focus Consequences on Treatment & Supervision Prescribed Medication (Substance Dependence) HIGH CRIMINOGENIC NEED Alternate Track (Accountability Emphasis) Status Calendar Prevention Services Pro-Social Habilitation Focus Consequences on Abstinence & Supervision Alternate Track (Diversion Emphasis) Non-Compliance Calendar Prevention Services Focus Consequences on Abstinence (Substance Abuse) LOW

REPECT SCALE African American Adolescent Respect Scale (AAARS). Dr. Joy Leary a. 20 Questions – Arrested Development – Prefrontal Cortex b. Access Youth Attitudes Toward Respect c. The instrument was developed using four groups of items that dealt with “prosocial” attitudes toward respect. The four areas included: Family Peer Group Society (part 1) Institutions Society (part 2) Culture Respect has been an essential part of African and African American culture. The African American Adolescent Respect Scale has been developed to assess youths’ attitudes toward respect. * The original study looked at the relationship of respect and the use of violence among young African American males. The AAARS instrument was developed using four groups of items that dealt with ‘prosocial’ attitudes towards respect. The four areas included: • Family • Peer Group • Society (part 1) Institutions • Society (part 2) Culture Family The items developed to address the family sphere of influence looks at the issue of esteem as it relates to membership within the family. Peer Group These set of items reflect how a youth might assert a need to demand respect inclusive of the use of aggression or intimidation. The Peer Respect scale items are reverse scored to reflect the lack of perceived respect resulting in readiness to act aggressively towards peers in an effort to control their potential disrespectful behavior. Societal (part 1) This domain measures the degree to which the adolescent felt respected when integrating with institutions such as businesses and public and private agencies or organizations. Societal (part 2) This domain measures the degree to which the 17

Question??? What is the strongest predictor of Change?

THERAPUETIC RELATIONSHIP The Answer… A Carl Rogers stated that in order for change to happen “is we have to create an environment for change. Change can happen…everyone has the capacity for change/growth”. IT HAS STOOD THE TEST OF TIME!!! WITHOUT A THERAPUETIC RELATIONSHIP THE PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS GOES DOWN DRAMATICALLY. Make Appropriate Alignment w/them to Gain Trust

CHANGE PERCEPTION Strength Model Study Them/and Their Culture Teach Them To Survive In Their Own Environment LISTEN TRAUMA LION KING - SYMBA

TECHNIQUES/SKILLS RESPECT ENTHUSIASM STRUCTURE EDUCATE TIME HARMONY ADDRESS THEM Point Out Conflict Intrinsic Before Extrinsic Cognitive Restructuring Genuine Concern/Accurate Empathy

TECHNIQUES/SKILLS CONTINUE Give them a VOICE Understanding Unconditional Positive Regards Attention Allow Resistance Encourage Them

More Solutions Capture their Strengths Challenge their Beliefs System Teach them to Deal w/Frustration & Anger Allow Appropriate Anger Make Suggestions & Provide Guidance Give Assignments for Peer Learning Inform them about criminal justice system Instill HOPE VISION

Ambivalence Deal with Ambivalence. See Ambivalence as “the gasoline” in the change process…it is the catalyst for natural change.

Motivational Interviewing ESTABLISH RAPPORT (INTEREST) USE APPROPRIATE OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS Can you tell me where does your marijuana fit into all this? May I ask about your use of alcohol? ASK ABOUT THE GOOD THINGS

H.E.A.T. Habilitation Empowerment Accountability Therapy Copyright © Copyright © Pinwheel Group Copyright ©

Mentoring should be a strong component of programs that hope to impact the behavior of drug users/ sellers

An Entrepreneur Model for Young Drug Dealers… Drug dealers in the Louisville, Kentucky Drug Court Program were involved in an entrepreneur/mentor program. Participants were matched with local business owners from “100 Black Men”. Participants learned how to develop a business from the ground up. Upon completion of a business plan, the mentor agency provided the participants with start-up money to open a business.

Open to positive leadership -looking for positive mentorship 100 Black Men Black Fraternities Men’s Faith-based Groups Men in Recovery Treatment Alumni

Questions Contact: Darryl Turpin MPA, CADC Pinwheel Group darrylturpin@yahoo.com 502-558-1224

SPONSOR’S NOTE This project was supported by Grant No. 2012-DC-BX-K004 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the SMART Office, and the Office for Victims of Crime. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not represent the official position or policies of the United States Department of Justice