Environmental Performance of Cables, Motors & Transformers Hans De Keulenaer European Copper Institute Web event February 10, h00 – 15h00 Europe Standard Time

Content  Introduction to Leonardo ENERGY  The W’s of the toolbox  Examples  Demonstration  How to work with the toolbox

What is Leonardo ENERGY?  A partnership between industry & academia on sustainable electrical energy – Outreach Training & professional development – Advocacy Energy policy & regulation

Leonardo ENERGY campaigns  Distributed generation & renewables  Efficiency & eco- design  Electric motors  Green building  Home of the future  Lighting  Policy & finance  Power Quality  Transformers  Transport Website:

Leonardo ENERGY activities  Application notes  Articles  Briefing papers  Direct (e)mail  Minute lectures  Polls  Press articles  Reports  Seminars  Software Tools  Surveys  Webcasts  Web events  Workshops

Content  Introduction to Leonardo ENERGY  The W’s of the toolbox  Examples  Demonstration  How to work with the toolbox

Why focus on (electrical) energy?  Environmental impacts from energy use: – To atmosphere: Sulphur emissions to atmosphere: 85% Carbon-dioxide: 78% Particulate emissions: 45% Lead emissions: 41% Non-methane hydrocarbon: 40% – Electricity consumes 40% of primary energy

Reducing the environmental impact of electricity  2 approaches – Clean generation & efficient conversion Renewables Combined-cycle … – Efficient use Reduce the amount of electricity needed to provide an energy service

Why an ecodesign toolbox?  For material producers: – Define environmental performance of active materials in the use phase ‘less’ is not always ‘more’  For equipment manufacturers: – Marketing tool for high efficiency – Environmental declaration  For energy users: – Declaration of improved environmental performance  For policy makers: – Environmental impact of policy measures on efficiency – Include externalities into policy making

Why now? Availability of good LCI material databases Availability of tools allowing parametrized LCA Experience with LCA for electrical equipment Electrical equipment catalogs with large # varieties Ecodesign tool for parametrized LCA of equipment families

Ecodesign toolbox - how  90% of environmental impact of electrical equipment is caused by electricity use  The remaining part is mainly caused by the extraction, production and transformation of materials  Life-cycle assessment for equipment can be simplified, based on good data for – Environmental profile for materials – Equipment lifetime, load, efficiency – Environmental profile of electricity

Which life-cycle stages?  Production – Only material use  Use phase – Only electricity use, based on European grid mix  End-of-life – Credit for materials re-used

Which impact categories?  materials use  energy use  climate change  photochemical oxidant formation  acidification  eutrophication  ozone layer depletion  end-of-life waste  Not included: toxicity, physical effects (noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields)

Which equipment types?  Power cable  Overhead lines  Transformers – Dry-type – Oil-cooled  Motors

Next steps  Generic equipment model – Bill-of-materials – Losses or energy use in kWh (no load modelling) – Including thermal equipment – How to handle power electronics?  Generic generation model – Major types of conventional generation – Wind, ocean, and photovoltaics – Not biomass

Generation, conversion and end-use conversion equipment energy input energy output energy loss end-use equipment energy input energy service e.g. transformers, motors, cablese.g. appliances, pumps, lighting systems generation equipment primary energy carrier e.g. power stations, wind generators conversion loss ?

Modelling Manufacturing Utilization End-of-Life

Load modelling  Transformers:  Motors:  Cables:

Content  Introduction to Leonardo ENERGY  The W’s of the toolbox  Examples  Demonstration  How to work with the toolbox

Example 1: amorphous iron transformer 100 kVA – 10% loaded Material100 kVA AA’ 100 kVA CC’ 100 kVA Amorphous Oil (kg) Steel (kg) Copper (kg) Load loss (kW) No-load loss (kW)

Impact - numerical CML2001Acidification Potential (AP) [kg SO2- Equiv.] Eutrophication Potential (EP) [kg Phosphate- Equiv.] Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years) [kg CO2- Equiv.] Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state) [kg R11- Equiv.] Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) [kg Ethene- Equiv.] Life cycle (Type 1) Manufacturing Utilization Life cycle (Type 2) Manufacturing Utilization Life cycle (Type 3) Manufacturing Utilization

Impact - graphical

Example 2: High Efficiency Motors 1.5 kW – 33% loaded MaterialType 1Type 2Type 3 Aluminum (kg) Copper (kg) Steel (kg) Efficiency (%)

Impact - numerical CML2001Acidification Potential (AP) [kg SO2- Equiv.] Eutrophication Potential (EP) [kg Phosphate- Equiv.] Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years) [kg CO2- Equiv.] Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state) [kg R11- Equiv.] Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) [kg Ethene- Equiv.] Life cycle (Type 1) E Manufacturing E Utilization E Life cycle (Type 2) E Manufacturing E Utilization E Life cycle (Type 3) E Manufacturing E Utilization E-40.55

Impact - graphical

Content  Introduction to Leonardo ENERGY  The W’s of the toolbox  Examples  Demonstration  How to work with the toolbox

Content  Introduction to Leonardo ENERGY  The W’s of the toolbox  Examples  Demonstration  How to work with the toolbox

Practical  I-report models available on a royalty-free licence basis – request to – Complete licencing form – Receive package  Publisher models available on a royalty-bearing licence basis – request to – Order licence – Receive access to intranet with tools, models (including future models) and knowledge inventory

Thank you for your attention