Exercise 6: Tissues

Remember…… Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ System Organismal Level

Tissues are:  groups of cells that are similar in structure and function Histology = study of tissues The four tissue types are:  Epithelial  Connective  Muscular  Nervous

Functions  protection: covers surfaces  sensory input  absorption  filtration  secretion Epithelial Tissue

Characteristics  avascular  fit closely together  has a “top” and “bottom”: apical surface (free) basement membrane  regeneration Epithelial Tissue

Number of cell layers  Simple  Stratified  Pseudostratified Shape of apical surface cells  Squamous  Cuboidal  Columnar  Transitional Epithelial Tissue: Classification

Figure 4.3 Function: Good for Diffusion Where found? Epithelial Tissue: Simple Squamous

Figure 4.5a Function: absorption and secretion Where found? Epithelial Tissue: Simple Columnar

Function: secrete mucus and move mucus with cilia Where found? Epithelial Tissue: Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Function: protection from abrasion Where found? Epithelial Tissue: Stratified Squamous

Epithelial Tissue: Transitional Functions: stretches Where found?

Figure 4.4a Functions: secretion Where found? Epithelial Tissue: Simple Cuboidal

Functions  protection  support  bind together other tissues of body Most abundant and widespread tissue in body Connective Tissue

Characteristics  Rich blood flow Exceptions?  Composed of Specialized cells and Extracellular Matrix (nonliving area between cells)  protein fibers & ground substance Connective tissue

Four Connective Tissue Types FibrousLiquidHard

Connective Tissue: Areolar Cells: fibroblasts Matrix: gel-like Function: wraps and cushions organs

Figure 4.11 Reticular Tissue Cells: Adipocytes (fat) Matrix: sparse Function: reserves, protection, insulation Connective Tissue: Adipose

Cells: fibroblasts Matrix: primarily collagen fibers Function: tendons and ligaments Connective Tissue: Dense Regular

Cells: chrondrocytes in lacunae (egg-shaped) Matrix: firm with collagen Function: support and reinforce (ribs, nose, trachea) Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage More flexible/pliable Supports and protects outside the bone Where found?

Fibrocartilage More dense than other cartilages Good for support, cushioning, and shock absorption between bones Pubic Symphysis, Meniscus of knee, verterbral column

Connective Tissue: Bone Cells: osteocytes in lacunae Matrix: hard, calcified with collagen Function: support and attachment

Blood & Lymph Fluid WHY is this liquid tissue considered a connective tissue? What is its function?

Muscle Tissue 3 Types of Muscle Tissue  Skeletal  Smooth  Cardiac Function of each?

Nerve Tissue Function?

Exercise 7: Integumentary System

Integumentary System Skin  Epidermis Epithelial Tissue (Stratified squamous)  Dermis Connective Tissue Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Connective Tissue

Figure 5.1 Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Hair root Hair shaft Pore Dermal papillae (papillary layer of dermis) Meissner's corpuscle Free nerve ending Reticular layer of dermis Sebaceous (oil) gland Arrector pili muscle Sensory nerve fiber Eccrine sweat gland Pacinian corpuscle Artery Vein Adipose tissue Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus) Hair follicle Eccrine sweat gland

Epidermis 4 Cell Types: Keratinocytes Langerhans cells Melanocytes Merkel cells Which layer is missing?

The Structure of the Epidermis Figure 5.4

Skin (Integument) Figure 5.1

Structure of the Dermis Pacinian corpuscles Meissner’s corpuscles

Accessory Organs of the Skin Hair Nails Sebaceous Glands Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

Anatomy of a Single Hair

Sebaceous Glands and Follicles Figure 5.11 Produce sebum (oil) Ducts empty into hair follicle

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands Figure 5.12a, b Apocrine: found in axillary & anogenital areas

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands Figure 5.12a, b Eccrine (Merocrine) –found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead –water, salt and urea