Chemistry Today. Breathalyzers When alcohol is consumed, 90% is metabolized. This occurs primarily in the liver. For an average adult male (5’8”, 160.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemistry Today

Breathalyzers When alcohol is consumed, 90% is metabolized. This occurs primarily in the liver. For an average adult male (5’8”, 160 lbs), drinking 4 or more beers in one hour can cause the legal intoxication. Fig 6.4

Breathalyzers (2) A small percentage of alcohol is exhaled as gas through the lungs. The assumption is that the % alcohol content in the lungs is 2100 times lower than the % alcohol content in the blood. The Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) legal limit is 0.08 = 0.08 g alcohol in 100 mL blood. When alcohol in the blood exceeds 0.08, a person is legally intoxicated.

How Does a Breathalyzer Work? Dark R1 + Alcohol  Light P1 2K 2 Cr 2 O 7 [DARK reddish orange] + 3CH 3 CH 2 OH + 8H 2 SO 4  2Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 [LIGHT green] + 2K 2 SO 4 + 3CH 3 COOH + 11H 2 O Catalyzed (speeded up) by AgNO 3 As Ethyl Alcohol or Ethanol,CH 3 CH 2 OH increases, the solution becomes lighter and transmits more light.

How Does a Breathalyzer Work? (2) The amount of light transmitted through the alcohol detecting solution is measured yields a %BAC. Calculate your BAC: yzer6.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/breathal yzer6.htm

Other Applications for Breathlyzer Technology In the 18th century, French chemist Lavoisier proved that the body produces CO years later (1970's), Linus Pauling showed that the breath contains over 100 different organic compounds. Preliminary studies are focused on detecting these compounds and seeking to link them with diseases for diagnostic purposes.

Examples Predict if a heart transplant patient will reject a new organ. Hearts-breath test technology is similar to the breathalyzer but "a billions times more sensitive". The FDA approved it last year. This test (few hundred $) can determine if an biopsy (thousands of $) is needed. However, a biopsy is more sensitive and selective. More R&D is needed.

Examples (2) Detect TB, lung cancer, diabetes before symptoms are observed. Forensic detection of explosive-handling. Consistent with increasing use of non- invasive medical procedures. Good for children. NY Times

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