Standards SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE. a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns.

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Standards SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE. a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to settled agriculture. e. Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of resources played in the development of trans-Saharan trading networks.

History of People in Africa A Very Short Introduction

Western Desert of Egypt 8000 BC Domesticated cattle 7000BC Domestication of wheat storage of grains 6000 BC Storage pits 5000 BC Domestication of sheep and goats Food storage = social hierarchy

Migration Why migrate? Frequency Intermittent and incremental Overpopulation Ecological necessity Violence Frequency Intermittent and incremental Absorbs local populations Spreads: Cultures Languages Religions technologies

Causes of Migration Push Factors Environmental: Climate changes exhausted resources Natural Disasters earthquakes; volcanoes; drought; famine Economic: Unemployment slavery Lack of available land War

Causes of Migration Pull Factors Environmental More space Resources climate Economic: Land Ownership Job opportunities Politics Religion

Bantu Migrations From the savanna Nomadic herders slash-and-burn farming S&B = soil depletion Need knew land every few years

Bantu Migrations Bantu means “the people” Started migrating south & east around 3,000 B.C. Shared skills learned new customs adapted to environment

Effects of Bantu Migrations drove out some inhabitants, intermixed with others produced a great variety of cultures Language helped unify the continent Swahili most common language today

Effects of Bantu Migrations Technology ironworking bronze, copper & iron tools/weapons Superior weapons Excellent tools social & political organization

Innovations & Technologies New crops Ie: Banana, via Madagascar, native to south Asia  More efficient food production More & better nourished people Agriculture takes space…with Population increase, need to spread out on more land.

Pass around handout of genetic variation.

Summary 4000 BCE to 400 CE in Africa & Eurasia, & earlier in Oceania. Migration  spread & mingling of cultures: Technologies Religions Governments People! Why migrate? How do we know? Languages! DNA Material Culture (artifacts) Effect on World History? Photo: Division of India & Pakistan  sudden mass migration – largest in modern history.

Standards SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE. a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to settled agriculture. e. Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of resources played in the development of trans-Saharan trading networks. List 5 facts which will help you remember this lesson: