The Home Front reference Chapter 24 How did Americans on the home front support or oppose the war?

Mobilization The Draft – 9 million registered –3 million –Volunteers – 2 million Increased production –fuel, ships, weapons, food –governing boards oversee the economy New government agencies were formed to organize the war effort WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

total war Propaganda Campaigns (important element of total war theory) CPI (Committee on Public Information) George Creel “4-Minute Men”

Financing the War Increased the number of people paying the new income tax –437,000 in 1917 –4.4 million in 1918 Liberty Bond Drives Bond = loan with interest

“The Great Migration” Pull factor =Job opportunities in the factories of the North Push Factor = poverty, Jim Crow, lynching terrorism See map page 309 of text

Opposition to the War Many women –Jeanette Rankin (1 st woman rep. in Congress) “You can no more win a war than you can win an earthquake.” Women’s Peace Party Quakers/Pacifists Socialists Opponents of big business –“command of gold” –profiteering Conscientious objectors

African-Americans react to the war WEB DuBois urges blacks to enlist Wm. Henry Trotter disgrees. –“Why not make America safe for democracy?”

The Suppression of Dissent Espionage Act 1917 crime to interfere with the draft, “obstruct…the war effort” –Schenck v. US (1919) Sedition Act 1918 Restricts freedom of speech –“disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive” of government Other restrictions on speech and action –2,000 prosecutions including Eugene Debs (10 years) Public persecution of Germans

Read Section 24.6 With your partner, discuss: What is symbolic speech? What are some examples? How is symbolic speech different from regular speech? In your spiral, label 24.6 Should acts of political speech be protected by the 1 st Amendment? –Write a 1 paragraph response.

Outline 25.2 I.Wilson’s Vision for World Peace I.Fourteen Points to End All Wars I.Announced to Congress Jan II.Make the world “fit and safe to live in” III.Goal: eliminate the causes of war a. end to secret agreements b. freedom of the seas c. reduce armaments and armies IV. Goal: self-determination a. ethnic groups within empires should determine gov. V. Goal: collective security a. protect independence and territorial integrity b. League of Nations

II. Wilson’s Unusual Decisions A. Wilson leads American delegation. B. campaigns for Democrats to support his plan 1. Republicans win midterm elections C. Wilson rejects Republicans for peace delegation 2. Republicans do not trust Wilson’s appointees.