Module 5 Unit 1 Grammar & usage 高二 英语 湖南师大附中 刘淑英

Reading Read the contents on P8 and try to get more about the infinitive.

Active VoicePassive Voice Base form to doto be done Perfect form to have done to have been done Continuous form to be doing Tenses of the infinitive

Two main kinds of infinitives The to-infinitive & The bare infinitive PS: Here please pay attention to the usage of “to”. It can both function as a preposition and the symbol of an infinitive. be used to doing sth used to do sth

Functions of the infinitive in the sentences Subject of a sentence Object Object complement Attribute Predicative Adverbial

The infinitive functions as the subject of the sentence. E.G. 1. To decorate the Christmas tree is my task. 2. To talk with your mouth full is rude. 3. To become a lawyer was his childhood dream. ★当不定式作主语时, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而将真正的主语 放在句子后面保持句子的平衡. a. It is my task to decorate the Christmas tree. b. It is rude to talk with your mouth full. c. It is his childhood dream to become a lawyer.

The infinitive functions as the object. He managed to solve the problem by himself. I like to read newspaper articles about sports. PS: ①动词不定式在句中作宾语时, 如果带有宾语 补足语, 要用 it 作形式宾语 I don’t think it right to do it in that way. I find it hard to get along with him.

The infinitive functions as the object. ② “ 疑问代词 / 疑问副词 + 不定式 ” 常常用作动词或 是介词的宾语 I don’t know where to spend my holiday. Have you decided when to marry?

The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1 常需要不定式作宾补的动词有 : allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, love, hate, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, etc 通常这样的动词接这样的结构 Verb +sb/sth + to do sth

The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1 E.G. 1. The teachers don’t allow us to use E-dictionary while doing reading comprehension. 2. I want you to read the whole passage again.

The infinitive functions as the object complement. 2 动词后接不定式 + to be 的结构的动词有 : Believe, consider, discover, find, judge, prove, think, etc ( 有时候可以省略 to be) E.G. 1. We all believe Jordan to be the top basketball player in all time. 2. I consider him to be one of the best teachers in our school.

The infinitive functions As the attribute. 通常情况下不定式做定语, 放在所修饰 中心词的后面做后置定语. 不定式和定 语从句之间实现互换. E.G. 1. I have a lot of homework to do. =I have a lot of homework that I have to do. 2. I have no one to talk to. =I have no one that I can talk to.

The infinitive functions as the predicative. 当不定式充当表语的时候, 表示具体动作或是将 来要发生的动作 E.G. 1. My wish is to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies.

The infinitive functions as the predicative. PS: 动名词和不定式同样都可以充当表语, 两者的区 别在于不定式表达是具体或是将来发生动作， 而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为. 1.His job is delivering the letters to their destinations. 2.My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking.

The infinitive functions as the adverbial. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语 等。在这样的语法功能下要注意不定式的逻辑 主语和句子主语一致的情况。 作为目的状语时，为了强调在不定式前可以加 in order 和 so as, in order to 可放在句首， so as to 则不可以 作结果状语，常有下列的一些结构 so… as to; such … as to; enough… to; too … to; etc

The infinitive functions as the adverbial. E.G. 1. To get there on time, I got up early. 2. That day they were separated, never to see each other again. 3. Sam was lucky to catch the first bus that morning.

Bare infinitive 1 1. 使役动词 let, have, make 后 E.G. a. The boss made the employees work ten hours a day. b. I will let you see my computer tomorrow. c. The teacher had her students finish the work within five minutes.

Bare infinitive 1 2. 感官动词 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后. 注意：被动语态中 不能省去 to 。 a. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. b. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.

Bare infinitive 2 would rather ， had better 句型后 E.G. I don’t like the film. I’d rather stay at home. Why… / why not… 句型后 help 后可带 to ，也可不带 to, help sb (to) do sth ： 当有 and, or, except, but, than, rather than 连接两 个动词不定式的时候, 第二个动词不定式常 使用成不带 to 的动词不定式

Bare infinitive 2 E.G. I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left. Sandy does not want to stay at home but go to the cinema. We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.

A Letter(P9) 1. to thank 2.to talk 3.to have 4. 5.to receive 6.to go 7.watch 8.borrow 9.visit 10.spend 11.wrote 12.tell 13.to see 14.make 15.come

Verb-ing as a noun Gerund

Reading(10) Read the text and try to get more information about v-ing.

Verb-ing forms can be used as nouns in a sentence and function: 1.as a subject 2.as an object 3.after prepositions 4.after possessive pronouns 5.in compound nouns

We use Verb-ing after the following words: admit; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; delay; deny; endure; enjoy; escape; fancy; finish; imagine; mind; miss; postpone; practice; recall; resume; resist; risk; suggest; face; include; stand; understand; forgive; keep; etc

phrases used with Verb-ing forms: admit to; prefer…to; be used to; lead to; devote oneself to; object to; stick to; no good; no use; be fond of; look forward to; be proud of; be busy; can't help; be tired of; be capable of; be afraid of; think of; burst out; keep on; insist on; count on; set about; put off; be good at; take up; give up; be successful in; etc

Four kinds of verbs 后接不定式作宾语的动词 want, hope, wish, plan, manage, refuse, learn, etc 后接 V-ing 形式作宾语的动词 enjoy, mind, suggest, practise, imagine, avoid, etc

Four kinds of verbs 后接不定式或是 V-ing 为宾语的动 词, 但两者差别不大 start, begin, etc 后接不定式或是 V-ing 为宾语的动 词, 但意思不同 try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, etc

Finish the (P11) 1.visiting/to visit 2.chatting 3.visiting 4.pretending 5.chatting/to chat 6.stop 7.chatting 8.to do 9.pass

1. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ____ our studies. A.get down to B. get out B.C. get back for D. get over D A

3. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. That B. it C. this D. him 4. Last summer I took a course on _____. A.how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made B A

5. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. A.It what to do with B. what to do it with C. What to do with it D. to do what with it C

6. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 7. It seems that he has no pen ____. A.To write B. to write with C. Writing D. writing with A B

8. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ____ in making the earth a better place to live. A. To have played B. to play C. To be played D. to be playing 9. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___ the film stars had left. A.to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told B B

10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas. A.in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receivng26 C

11. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he has going in the right direction. A.seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 12. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___. A.not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to D A

I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ----Not at all. ___. A.I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d happy to I didn’t go to see the doctor yesterday. ----But you ____. A.ought B. ought to C. oughted to D. ought to have D D

Does your brother intend to study in Germany? ----yes, he intends ____. A./ B. to C. so D. that B

Homework 1.Finish C1C2. 2.Finish Reading A.