{ Chapter 3 Migration

What is migration? Any movement across space, or between locations. In geography, most commonly applied to population movements. It can be used to describe daily and seasonal movements, but is most usefully applied to movements lasting longer than one year.

3 basic forms of movement: Cyclic movement—movement that has a closed route—defines your activity space. When you go to daily classes or a job you are participating in cyclic movement.

Cyclic Movement Movement - for example, nomadic migration - that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally

Periodic Movements If your trip involves a lengthy period of residency after your arrival—such as temporary relocation for college attendance or service in the armed services—you engaged in periodic movement. Both cyclic and periodic movements occur in many forms.

Migratory Movement Finally, migratory movement describes human movement from a source to a destination without a return journey, and is the most significant form of movement discussed in this chapter. A society’s mobility is measured as the sum of cyclic, periodic, and migratory movement of its population.

Migrant Workers Also called migrant worker. a person who moves from place to place to get work, especially a farm laborer who harvests crops seasonally.

Transhumance Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.

Forms of human mobility Mobility of all kinds is one of the defining characteristics of a culture. The great majority of people have a daily routine that takes them through a regular sequence of short moves that geographers call activity (or action) space. The magnitude of activity space varies in different societies, and American society is the world’s most mobile. Technology has greatly expanded activity spaces, particularly in the wealthier, more developed countries.

Activity Spaces

Migration Internal vs. External

International Migration (External) External migrations took Europeans to America and other parts of the world; the arrival of the Europeans, in turn, caused other people to move. External migrations (authorized movements and organized resettlements, as well as refugee movements) usually occur after wars. Following World War II, Germans migrated westward from their homes in Eastern Europe and millions of migrants left Europe altogether to go to the United States.

Internal Migration Internal migration involves relocation within a country. Such movements can also produce significant population shifts, even though the migrants do not cross any international borders. Internal migrations, involving major population shifts, have occurred in the former Soviet Union, the United States, China, and other large countries.

Internal Migration WWII

Why do people migrate?

Push and pull factors Factors that either push people to leave (emigrate) from a country or pull people to immigrate to a country.

Distance Decay: The further people are from their homeland, the less likely they will keep their former culture.

Types of Push/Pull Factors

Push Continued

Pull factors

Pull factors continued

More pull factors

Guest Workers The term “guest worker” is a euphemism for workers of foreign origin who come to a country specifically for its job prospects. They run the gamut from highly skilled individuals who are actively recruited to fill positions to illegal migrant laborers who work for shockingly low wages in farm fields. There is a great deal of controversy over guest workers worldwide, as part of a larger discussion of immigration policies. Many people support the creation of specific guest worker programs to regulate the admission and use of guest workers, while others oppose all guest workers, on various grounds.

Refugees A refugee is a person who is outside their country of origin or habitual residence because they have suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because they are a member of a persecuted 'social group'.

Migration Vocabulary Chain Migration Distance Decay Forced Migration Gravity Model Internal Migration Emigration Guest Workers Refugee Net Migration Quotas Push Factors Pull Factors Intraregional Migration Interregional Migration

The End Just another reason to take AP HUG!